Environmental Change - Bewerkingsoverzicht

NikkeTamer op 18 jan 2025 om 12:29

2025-01-18T12:29:06Z

← Oudere versie		Versie van 18 jan 2025 14:29
Regel 1:		Regel 1:
	{{Infobox\|data2=Verstraeten Gert<br>Huybrechts Philippe\|data3=Lectures\|data4=Partial or continuous assessment with (final) exam during the examination period\|data6=6\|header1=Courses and exams\|header5=Background\|headerstyle=background:lightgrey\|label2=Prof\|label3=Courses\|label4=Examination\|label6=Credits\|label7=When?\|data7=1st semester\|label8=ECTS\|data8=[https://onderwijsaanbod.kuleuven.be/syllabi/e/G9X30AE.htm Link]\|title=Course Information}}		The course consists of a weekly four-hour lecture, in which prof Huybrechts and Verstraeten alternate giving their part of the course. Verstraeten's part counts for the majority of the points and the majority of the ECTS credits, as it included a two-day field trip to Eastern Belgium. Prof. Verstraeten's part includes a large assignment, which has varied over the past years. As of 2024-2025, the task consists of a large report linking observations made on the excursion with course material, and the exam includes a personalised question based on a part of the report the professor/assistants had questions about.{{Infobox\|data2=Verstraeten Gert<br>Huybrechts Philippe\|data3=Lectures\|data4=Partial or continuous assessment with (final) exam during the examination period\|data6=6\|header1=Courses and exams\|header5=Background\|headerstyle=background:lightgrey\|label2=Prof\|label3=Courses\|label4=Examination\|label6=Credits\|label7=When?\|data7=1st semester\|label8=ECTS\|data8=[https://onderwijsaanbod.kuleuven.be/syllabi/e/G9X30AE.htm Link]\|title=Course Information}}

	== 2025 ==		== 2025 ==
Regel 20:		Regel 20:
	## What different, non-glacial related proxies are available that reflect the same variability as the glacier extents?		## What different, non-glacial related proxies are available that reflect the same variability as the glacier extents?
	# Personalised question on assignment about the field trip (wtf)		# Personalised question on assignment about the field trip (wtf)



Regel 36:		Regel 37:
	# We want to stay below 2 degrees warming,. A lot of scenarios where we do this expect net-negative emissions of CO2 by the end of the century - what is understood by net-negative emissions and how can you attain that? What types of techniques are available? Explain the most discussed techniques, including advantages and drawbacks.		# We want to stay below 2 degrees warming,. A lot of scenarios where we do this expect net-negative emissions of CO2 by the end of the century - what is understood by net-negative emissions and how can you attain that? What types of techniques are available? Explain the most discussed techniques, including advantages and drawbacks.
	# The earth is in a radiative imbalance, explain this. Where is the excess heat stored and what is direct effect of it.		# The earth is in a radiative imbalance, explain this. Where is the excess heat stored and what is direct effect of it.
			# What is the scientific consensus on the evolution of tropical cyclones (= hurricanes) in the past decades?
			# (forgot)

	== 2024 ==		== 2024 ==

NikkeTamer op 15 jan 2025 om 16:20

2025-01-15T16:20:34Z

← Oudere versie		Versie van 15 jan 2025 18:20
Regel 1:		Regel 1:
	{{Infobox\|data2=Verstraeten Gert<br>Huybrechts Philippe\|data3=Lectures\|data4=Partial or continuous assessment with (final) exam during the examination period\|data6=6\|header1=Courses and exams\|header5=Background\|headerstyle=background:lightgrey\|label2=Prof\|label3=Courses\|label4=Examination\|label6=Credits\|label7=When?\|data7=1st semester\|label8=ECTS\|data8=[https://onderwijsaanbod.kuleuven.be/syllabi/e/G9X30AE.htm Link]\|title=Course Information}}		{{Infobox\|data2=Verstraeten Gert<br>Huybrechts Philippe\|data3=Lectures\|data4=Partial or continuous assessment with (final) exam during the examination period\|data6=6\|header1=Courses and exams\|header5=Background\|headerstyle=background:lightgrey\|label2=Prof\|label3=Courses\|label4=Examination\|label6=Credits\|label7=When?\|data7=1st semester\|label8=ECTS\|data8=[https://onderwijsaanbod.kuleuven.be/syllabi/e/G9X30AE.htm Link]\|title=Course Information}}

			== 2025 ==

			=== January ===

			==== 15/01/2025 ====
			Verstraeten (2h = short!), open book

			# REVEALS vs KK10, REVEALS vs HYDE (figure given)
			## Why is the coverage of the differences/vegetative land cover reconstructions not continuous?
			## Why is the difference between REVEALS and HYDE different from the difference between REVEALS and KK10? I.e. what is the difference between KK10 and HYDE?
			# Human adaptations to different environmental changes. (Table with different adaptations for different types of environmental change given.) Give coping strategies that were used in the past to cope with three different environmental changes (e.g. drought, sealevel, ...)
			# True or false? Give a short argumentation.
			## The Anthropocene can't be defined as a geological epoch starting in 5000 BP as human impact was not of global scale at that point.
			## Legacy landforms are landforms that formed under different environmental conditions, which most often changed due to natural environmental change.
			# Given: figure with glacial extent of two glaciers in the Alps for the past 2000 years.
			## How do they construct such graphs? Which proxy measures could be useful?
			## What can explain the pattern in glacial extent?
			## What different, non-glacial related proxies are available that reflect the same variability as the glacier extents?
			# Personalised question on assignment about the field trip (wtf)


			Huybrechts (1h = ridiculously short), closed book

			Instruction: "keep the answers short, should never be longer than 10 lines"

			# Explain why CO2 in the atmosphere doesnt come from volcanoes to your aunt, keep it simple and short
			# Young faint sun paradox
			# Atmospheric fraction of CO2 - what is it, what does it represent, ..?
			# Why does temperature continue to be approximately equal to peak warming for centuries after emissions stop?
			# Mass extinction due to climate change - give three relevant examples of mechanisms / dangers posed to the biosphere
			# Water vapour is not considered a forcing but a feedback, why, explain
			# What are the characteristics of the West-Antarctic tipping element and what it its corresponding tipping point temperature?
			# Svensmark hypothesis - explain what and why we can refute it
			# We want to stay below 2 degrees warming,. A lot of scenarios where we do this expect net-negative emissions of CO2 by the end of the century - what is understood by net-negative emissions and how can you attain that? What types of techniques are available? Explain the most discussed techniques, including advantages and drawbacks.
			# The earth is in a radiative imbalance, explain this. Where is the excess heat stored and what is direct effect of it.

	== 2024 ==		== 2024 ==

Lukas: /* 23/01/2024 */

2024-02-12T20:02:12Z

23/01/2024

← Oudere versie		Versie van 12 feb 2024 22:02
Regel 28:		Regel 28:
	==== 23/01/2024 ====		==== 23/01/2024 ====
	''Verstraeten (2h, open book)''		''Verstraeten (2h, open book)''
			[[Bestand:Figure vraag 1.png\|miniatuur]]

	* Field trip question: ~~Don~~'~~t know it anymore~~, ~~but it was more or less a comparison between sedimentation in Ardennes vs sedimentation in~~ the ~~Dijle catchment.~~ ( /8)		* '''Vraag 1: Field trip question (/8):'''
	* Given is a graph of the reconstruciton of the anthropogenic vegetation in the Dijle catchment created by the KK10, HYDE 3.1 and Reveals models. Explain how this graph was created for every model. What is the difference between those models (what explains the variance between the graphs)? What caused the uncertainties for each model? ~~( /6)~~
	* ~~Figure is given~~ (~~slide 36 chapter 4~~): ( /3)		# The Dijle stores more alluvial sediment then the Amblève while the difference for colluvial sediment is not so big, what causes this?
			# Explain how natural and anthropogenic factors influence sediment storage
			# Use different stops from the excursion to assist your answers from above
			*'''Vraag 2 ( /6)'''[[Bestand:Figure vraag 2.png\|miniatuur]]Given is a graph of the reconstruciton of the anthropogenic vegetation in the Dijle catchment created by the KK10, HYDE 3.1 and Reveals models. Explain how this graph was created for every model. What is the difference between those models (what explains the variance between the graphs)? What caused the uncertainties for each model?
			*'''Vraag 3 (see figure)''' ( /3)[[Bestand:Figure vraag 3.png\|miniatuur]]
	*# How do we construct such a graph		*# How do we construct such a graph
	*# What causes the sea level to rise		*# What causes the sea level to rise
	*# Give a comparison between Northern Britain and Southern Britain's sea level rise.		*# Give a comparison between Northern Britain and Southern Britain's sea level rise.
	* Explain the Anthropocene in 10-15 lines to a non-specialist. Use lines for evidence and propose a moment in time as the start of the Anthropocene. It should be like a short newspaper or blogpost. ( /3)		* '''Vraag 4'''
			** Explain the Anthropocene in 10-15 lines to a non-specialist. Use lines for evidence and propose a moment in time as the start of the Anthropocene. It should be like a short newspaper or blogpost. ( /3)

	''Huybrechts (1h, closed book)''		''Huybrechts (1h, closed book)''

			# Explain greenhouse gas effect
			# The sources and sinks of Carbon
	# Covid 19 had almost no effect, why is that?		# Covid 19 had almost no effect, why is that?
	~~# Why does climate significantly increase even if emissions CO2 go down to zero?~~
	~~# The earth is in a radiative imbalance, explain this. Where is the excess heat stored and what is direct effect of it.~~
	~~# Explain short why CO2 concentrations are not due to volcanic release of CO2.~~
	~~# Explain greenhouse gas effect.~~
	# Mid pliocene warm, give the characteristics and why is this period so interesting for us right now.		# Mid pliocene warm, give the characteristics and why is this period so interesting for us right now.
	# Statement: Since mid 19th century temp in Belgium +2,5°C --> Why is this above the global mean surface temperature?		# Statement: Since mid 19th century temp in Belgium +2,5°C --> Why is this above the global mean surface temperature?
	# At what rate is the sea level rising between 2006-2018? Give the main contributors for this increase (also the amount of their contribution).		# At what rate is the sea level rising between 2006-2018? Give the main contributors for this increase (also the amount of their contribution)
	# Greenland tipping point + temperature		# Why does climate significantly increase even if emissions CO2 go down to zero?
	# Scientific background for the target set to stay below 2º --> how do we stay below 2° and if we keep emitting CO2 when do we reach 2°?		# Greenland tipping point, at which temperature and how does it work
	# ~~What are MISI and MICI~~, and ~~how does there mechanisms work?~~		# How would you explain to your aunt that it is not the volcanoes that are responsible for so much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? Answer short and to the point.
	# ?		# Scientific background for the target set to stay below 2º --> how do we stay below 2° and if we keep emitting CO2 when do we reach 2°
			# Anthropogenic emissions of CO2, give the sinks and sources with the relative amounts
			# Explain MISI and MICI

	==== 02/01/2024 ====		==== 02/01/2024 ====

Admin: /* January */

2024-02-01T11:20:46Z

January

← Oudere versie		Versie van 1 feb 2024 13:20
Regel 7:		Regel 7:
	Verstraeten (2h, open book)		Verstraeten (2h, open book)

	# Explain what evidence we have seen on the excursion that is related to ~~this~~ figure, try to include figures from the excusion guide when appropriate (8p)[[Bestand:Antropoceen examenvraag.png\|miniatuur]]		# Explain what evidence we have seen on the excursion that is related to the figure on the right, try to include figures from the excusion guide when appropriate (8p)[[Bestand:Antropoceen examenvraag.png\|miniatuur\|Figure asked on 30/01/2024]]
	# Explain the early Anthropocene hypothesis and the link with ALSS models (6p)		# Explain the early Anthropocene hypothesis and the link with ALSS models (6p)
	## how are these two graphs related to each other?		## how are these two graphs related to each other?

Admin op 1 feb 2024 om 11:20

2024-02-01T11:20:12Z

← Oudere versie		Versie van 1 feb 2024 13:20
Regel 7:		Regel 7:
	Verstraeten (2h, open book)		Verstraeten (2h, open book)

	# Explain what evidence we have seen on the excursion that is related to this figure, try to include figures from the excusion guide when appropriate (8p)		# Explain what evidence we have seen on the excursion that is related to this figure, try to include figures from the excusion guide when appropriate (8p)[[Bestand:Antropoceen examenvraag.png\|miniatuur]]
	# Explain the early Anthropocene hypothesis and the link with ALSS models (6p)		# Explain the early Anthropocene hypothesis and the link with ALSS models (6p)
	## how are these two graphs related to each other?		## how are these two graphs related to each other?
Regel 15:		Regel 15:
	#* a) How is this curve constructed (where are the data coming from - which proxy is shown)?		#* a) How is this curve constructed (where are the data coming from - which proxy is shown)?
	#* b) What does it represent with relation to environmental change (what is the meaning of the proxy)?		#* b) What does it represent with relation to environmental change (what is the meaning of the proxy)?
	#* c) What controls delta 18O (why does it change)? ~~[[Bestand:Antropoceen examenvraag.png\|miniatuur]]~~4. Explain the Anthropocene in 10-15 lines to a non-specialist. Use lines for evidence and propose a moment in time as the start of the Anthropocene. It should be like a short newspaper or blogpost. (3p)		#* c) What controls delta 18O (why does it change)? 4. Explain the Anthropocene in 10-15 lines to a non-specialist. Use lines for evidence and propose a moment in time as the start of the Anthropocene. It should be like a short newspaper or blogpost. (3p)

	'''26/01/2024'''		'''26/01/2024'''

Neletops: /* January */

2024-01-31T17:03:08Z

January

← Oudere versie		Versie van 31 jan 2024 19:03
Regel 3:		Regel 3:

	=== January ===		=== January ===
			'''30/01/2024'''

			Verstraeten (2h, open book)

			# Explain what evidence we have seen on the excursion that is related to this figure, try to include figures from the excusion guide when appropriate (8p)
			# Explain the early Anthropocene hypothesis and the link with ALSS models (6p)
			## how are these two graphs related to each other?
			## why are there different dates possible for the start of the antropocene
			## explain how HYDE and KK10 reach there CO2 emissions
			# A delta 18O curve is given for the past 3 million years. (3p)
			#* a) How is this curve constructed (where are the data coming from - which proxy is shown)?
			#* b) What does it represent with relation to environmental change (what is the meaning of the proxy)?
			#* c) What controls delta 18O (why does it change)? [[Bestand:Antropoceen examenvraag.png\|miniatuur]]4. Explain the Anthropocene in 10-15 lines to a non-specialist. Use lines for evidence and propose a moment in time as the start of the Anthropocene. It should be like a short newspaper or blogpost. (3p)

			'''26/01/2024'''

			Verstraeten (2h, open book)

			# vgl van sedimentatie in de Geul met de Ambleve (8p)
			# vgl HYDE, KK10 en Reveals
			# hoe ge glacier extensie meet
			# Antropoceen uitleggen in 15 lijnen

	==== 23/01/2024 ====		==== 23/01/2024 ====

Yfke: 23/01/2024

2024-01-24T10:18:15Z

23/01/2024

@@ Regel 3: / Regel 3: @@
 === January ===
 ==== 02/01/2024 ====
@@ Regel 48: / Regel 74: @@
 ## How do we construct such a graph
 ## What causes the sea level to rise
-## Give a comparison between Northern Britain and Southern Britain's sea level rise.
+# Give a comparison between Northern Britain and Southern Britain's sea level rise.
 ''Huybrechts''
 # Explain greenhouse gas effect
 # What is the West antarctic tripping point and what are their best made estimates
@@ Regel 78: / Regel 101: @@
 ## What other environmental proxies can be used?
 # Explain in 10 short phrases to someone what the Anthropocene is and which evidences there are.
 ''Huybrechts''
@@ Regel 134: / Regel 156: @@
 # Give examples of civilisations that collapsed due to the drought period and what coping mechanisms they used to survive. (3p)
 # And another question I forgot (3p)
 ''Huybrechts''

Admin: Alles ouder dan 2008, met andere proffen, verwijderd

2024-01-11T09:11:15Z

Alles ouder dan 2008, met andere proffen, verwijderd

← Oudere versie		Versie van 11 jan 2024 11:11
Regel 491:		Regel 491:
	* A bereken sedimentatieratio's, zijn er periodes met hogere en lagere ratio's te onderscheiden? B voordelen en beperkingen radiocarbondatering bespreken aan de hand van de gegevens C welk beter dateringsalternatief zou je voorstellen? D veenlaag op figuur: geef de pollenkenmerken, welke AP en niet AP zal e hier wel/ niet terugvinden en waarom?		* A bereken sedimentatieratio's, zijn er periodes met hogere en lagere ratio's te onderscheiden? B voordelen en beperkingen radiocarbondatering bespreken aan de hand van de gegevens C welk beter dateringsalternatief zou je voorstellen? D veenlaag op figuur: geef de pollenkenmerken, welke AP en niet AP zal e hier wel/ niet terugvinden en waarom?
	* Bespreek de invloed van klimaat en mens bij de vorming van het landschap in en in de nabije omgeving van de Hoge Venen		* Bespreek de invloed van klimaat en mens bij de vorming van het landschap in en in de nabije omgeving van de Hoge Venen

	~~== 2006 ==~~
	~~Gegeven:~~

	* een profiel van een alluviale vlakte van de Nethen. Op verschillende diepten staan ook nummers (1,2,3,... en romeinse 1, romeinse 2,...) weergegeven
	* een tabel met de gedetailleerde beschrijving van de verschillende lagen in dat profiel
	* een tabel met daarop de verklaring van die nummers (1,2,3...): de C14-leeftijden en gecalibreerde C14-leeftijden
	* een tabel met daarop de verklaring van die nummers (romeinse 1, romeinse 2,...): de OSL-leeftijden

	~~Gevraagd:~~

	* Stel met vier schetsen de landschapsevolutie van het profiel uit.
	* Juist/Fout en verklaar waarom: de OSL-dateringsmethode is een betere methode dan de C14-methode om quartaire landschapsevolutie na te gaan
	* Bereken de sedimentatiesnelheden van de sedimenten. Bereken ook de minimale en maximale sedimentatiesnelheid.

	~~== 2004 ==~~
	Gegeven: Een kaartje met de ligging van drie coupes. Coupe 1 op het plateau, 2 in een 0de orde thalweg en 3 in het rivierdal zelf. Verder nog een doorsnede doorheen coupe 2 met voor verschillende punten de 14C-leeftijd en gecalibreerde leeftijden.

	~~Voor coupe 3 is het volgende geweten uit een boring:~~

	~~0 – 300 cm lemig zand~~

	~~300 – 345 cm venig leem~~

	~~345 – 530 cm veen~~

	~~530 – 600 cm zandig materiaal~~

	~~> 600 cm zand met grinten (of zoiets, ’t is ni helemaal correct)~~

	~~Hierbij werden nog 14C-leeftijden gegeven voor 1 van de horizonten.~~


	~~Gevraagd:~~

	* Iets van een boring in loess, die heel ingewikkelde horizonten had, ma ze hebben er de meest kenmerkende uitgehaald. Plaats volgende horizonten in een stratigrafische tabel en link aan de Noord-Europese tijdschaal:
	** Een complex van verschillende rood-verweerde Bt-horizonten
	** Een homogeen kalkrijk loesspakket dat bovenaan ontkalkt is
	** Een vulkanisch tuflaagje
	** De bodem van Kesselt
	** Een luvisol (vergelijkbaar met deze in coupe 2, of is het dezelfde?)
	* Geef een pollendiagram in percentages voor coupe 3 met minimum 5 pollensoorten en leg uit.
	* Geef volgende (liefst in tabelvorm)
	* Plaats de verschillende coupes in de Noord-Europese tijdschaal en correleer ze met elkaar.
	* Geef ook de isotopenleeftijden.
	* Geef voor het loesspakket aan hoe je het zou dateren.
	* Geef een algemene landschapsevolutie
	** A. Kan je voor coupe 2 de erosie- en sedimentatiesnelheden precies berekenen?
	** B. Kan je voor de 0de orde thalweg een ruimtelijke reconstructie maken van de geomorfologie?
	** C. Indien nee, leg uit wat je nog meer nodig hebt om dit te kunnen doen.


	~~Gegeven:~~

	~~Een tabel met een boring in meersedimenten met pollendiagram, waarde voor eutrofiëring, tijdschaal en aangeduid of er nederzettingen in de nabijheid van het meer waren.~~

	~~Gevraagd:~~

	~~Uit wat kan men afleiden dat:~~

	* Er nederzettingen in de omgeving van het meer waren?
	* Er in de eerste periode weinig invloed was van de nederzettingen en er in de tweede periode wel meer aan landbouw werd gedaan?

	~~== 2003 ==~~
	~~(Prof. Vermeersch & Prof. Paulissen)~~

	~~Gegeven:~~

	* Pollenprofiel van La Grande Pile (zowel algemeen als uitgebreid)
	* Zuurstofisotopenprofiel van ijsboring op Groenland
	* Zuurstofisotopenprofiel van V28-238

	~~Gevraagd:~~

	* Geef de evolutie van de vegetatie aan de hand van de pollenprofielen van La Grande Pile
	* Geef de chronostratigrafische indeling van deze profielen. Benoem ook de glacialen en interglacialen, duid de belangrijkste stadialen en interstadialen aan. Kan je er ook enkele benoemen?
	* Hoe kan je deze pollenprofielen dateren?
	* Interpreteer de ijsboring, geef de objectieve betekenis van de delta-waarde.
	* Interpreteer de diepzeeboring, geef de objectieve betekenis van de delta-waarde.
	* Welke delta-waarde kan je gebruiken als proxy-waarde voor de temperatuur?
	* Correleer de verschillende profielen met elkaar.
	* Geef de officiële benamingen van de isotopenzones en van de terminaties.

	~~== 1999 ==~~
	~~(Prof. Vermeersch & Prof. Paulissen)~~

	~~Gegeven:~~

	* Een grintlaagje met talrijke menselijke artefacten, houtskool en een Neanderthalerschedel.
	* Intens rood verweerde horizont van kleiige leem bedekt door een humusrijke laag.
	* Een afgeërodeerde luvisol op loess
	* Een pakket loess waarin een bandje vulkanische tuf boven op houtskool van plantenresten in situ
	* Een laag prehistorische artefacten, dierenbeenderen en een schedel van een Homo erectus
	* Loess met aan de basis Magdaleniaan met een geassocieerde haard met diep verbrande haardstenen (grote kwartskeien), houtskool en talrijke dierenbeenderen
	* Polygonale bodem van ijswiggen
	* Gelaagd silt met houtskool, lithische artefacten en neolithische keramiek, houtskool en dierenbeenderen

	~~Gevraagd:~~

	* Plaats al deze gegevens in een mogelijke chronologische volgorde en vermeld in welke periode de laag gevormd werd. Vermeld daarnaast bij elke periode de overeenkomstige isotopendatering (bvb. Eem: 5E).
	* Geef een TL-datering bij laag 6, op welk materiaal wordt de TL-datering gedaan?
	* Vermeld minstens drie dieren die in lagen 5 en 6 te vinden zijn.
	* Geef een pollenspectrum voor laag 2 met vijf voorkomende planten en hun percentages.
	* Geef een pollenspectrum voor laag 8.
	* Geef indien mogelijk een koolstofdatering voor de lagen 1, 4, 5 en 8 en kalibreer waar het kan.
	* Vermeld minstens 3 artefacten die in laag 8 vinden zijn.
	* Schets het quartaire landschap voor de verschillende perioden.

Domino: Examenwiki van Merkator gekopieerd naar hier

2024-01-05T23:17:51Z

Examenwiki van Merkator gekopieerd naar hier

Wijzigingen bekijken

Eva Vets op 4 jan 2024 om 04:33

2024-01-04T04:33:57Z

@@ Regel 1: / Regel 1: @@
-{{Infobox
+=== 2023-2024 ===
- | header1 = Courses and exams
+==== 02/01/2024 ====
- |  label2 = Prof |   data2 = Gert Verstraeten & Philippe Huybrechts
+''Verstraeten (2h, open book)''
- | header5 = Background
+* Many say that landscapes have shifted from a nautre-dominated landscape to a anthropogenic-dominated landscape. Can you give examples to support this statement from what we have seen during the excursion in the Amblève region? Refer to useful figures in the field guide (add figure number and page). ( /8)
-}}
+* Given is a graph of the reconstruciton of the anthropogenic vegetation in the Dijle catchment created by the KK10, HYDE 3.1 and Reveals models. Explain how this graph was created for every model. What is the difference between those models (what explains the variance between the graphs)? ( /6)
 ''Geografen, HELP!  Feel free to add your exam questions :))''