<?xml version="1.0"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="nl">
	<id>http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=QuintenVH</id>
	<title>Atlas Examenwiki - Gebruikersbijdragen [nl]</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=QuintenVH"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/index.php?title=Speciaal:Bijdragen/QuintenVH"/>
	<updated>2026-05-05T18:46:40Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Gebruikersbijdragen</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.43.6</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/index.php?title=Geologische_Analyse_en_Synthese_III&amp;diff=508</id>
		<title>Geologische Analyse en Synthese III</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/index.php?title=Geologische_Analyse_en_Synthese_III&amp;diff=508"/>
		<updated>2024-02-09T15:04:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;QuintenVH: Nieuwe pagina aangemaakt met &amp;#039;== Januari 2024 ==  # Een mengoefening van 01.03 en failure analysis. Wat is de maximale pressure van het toegevoegde water zodat er geen breuk activeert. (Criterions zijn gegegeven) # Er is een afwisseling van zandstenen en schalies. Waarom zijn er compression verschijnselen in de schalies en extension verschijnselen in de zandstenen. Leg uit aan de hand van Mohr cirkels. # Oefening Wellman method met brachiopoden. Leg dit uit en duid brachiopoden aan die bij...&amp;#039;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Januari 2024 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Een mengoefening van 01.03 en failure analysis. Wat is de maximale pressure van het toegevoegde water zodat er geen breuk activeert. (Criterions zijn gegegeven)&lt;br /&gt;
# Er is een afwisseling van zandstenen en schalies. Waarom zijn er compression verschijnselen in de schalies en extension verschijnselen in de zandstenen. Leg uit aan de hand van Mohr cirkels.&lt;br /&gt;
# Oefening Wellman method met brachiopoden. Leg dit uit en duid brachiopoden aan die bijzonder zijn.&lt;br /&gt;
# Foto gegeven met boudins en plooien. Geef de kinematische evolutie en analyse van de ontsluiting.&lt;br /&gt;
# 3 joints gegeven en dip gegeven van lagen samen met hoogtelijnen kaart. Aan de hand van de gegeven dip en hoogtelijnenkaart de oriëntatie van de lagen weten. Intekenen op kalkpapier voor single face en multiface. Is er een risico op een failure en wat moet je doen om dit te voorkomen indien van wel?&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>QuintenVH</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/index.php?title=Bio-Economics&amp;diff=507</id>
		<title>Bio-Economics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/index.php?title=Bio-Economics&amp;diff=507"/>
		<updated>2024-02-09T14:41:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;QuintenVH: /* 26 januari */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox&lt;br /&gt;
 | title   = Vakinfo&lt;br /&gt;
 | headerstyle = background:lightgrey&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 | header1 = Lessen en examens&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label2 = Docent |   data2 = Miet Maertens&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label3 = Lesvorm |   data3 = Hoorcollege&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label4 = Examenvorm |   data4 = Schriftelijk; meerkeuzevragen met twee open vragen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 | header5 = Achtergrond&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label6 = Studiepunten |   data6 = 4&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label7 = Wanneer? |   data7 = 2e bach, 1e sem&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label8 = Brossen? |   data8 = Eerder niet&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2023-2024 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 26 januari ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;Open vragen&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 1&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Explain in your own wordss the concept of degrowth and how degrowth relates to the Easterlin paradox and the Jevons paradox. (5pts)&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bestand:Screenshot 2024-02-09 140641.png|gecentreerd|miniatuur]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bestand:Screenshot 2024-02-09 141122.png|links|miniatuur|128x128px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&amp;quot;China lifts five-year ban on Belgian Pork&amp;quot;, Reuters, January 12th 2024.&#039;&#039; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Belgium and the United States of America (USA) are both exporters of pork. Many Asian countries, including for example China, Japan and South Korea, are large importers of pork in the world. In 2018 countries in the EU and in Asia suffered from a major outbreak of African swine fever (ASF). There was no ASF outbreak in the USA.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bestand:Screenshot 2024-02-09 141407.png|links|miniatuur|130x130px]]&lt;br /&gt;
Asian countries implented an import ban on Belgian pork after the ASF outbreak in 2018, implying a complete standstill of participation in pork exports for Belgium. After containment of the ASF outbreak, Asian countries one after the other lifted their import ban on Belgian pork in recent years - with China being the last country to have lifted the ban after the visit of Belgian prime minister De Croo to Beijing early January 2024. In addition, to assure sufficient availability of pork, Asian countries lowered their import tariffs on pork during the ASF outbreak (for example from 12% to 8% in China). Today, these import tariffs on pork are back to their normal levels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2a. Explain using a graphical analysis what the welfare effects are of the ASF outbreak for Belgium by comparing the situation before the ASF outbreak, the situation in 2018 (and subsequent years), and the situation today in Belgium. Be as complete as possible in analyzing the welfare effects. (5pts)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2b. Explain why and how the USA pork market was affected by the situation. Explain using a graphical analysis what the welfare effects are of the ASF outbreak for the USA by comparing the situation before the ASF outbreak, the sitation in 2018 (and subsequent years), and the situation today in the USA. Be as complete as possible in analyzing the welfare effects. (5pts)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;Meerkeuzevragen (Alles op 1 punt)&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;Meerkeuzevragen met gis correctie -0,33 pts (Alles op 1 punt + juist antwoord in cursief)&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 3&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Considering a competitive market and profit maximizing firms, which one of the followin statements is correct:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* A firm operating in a competitive market and facing a price below its average total cost and above its average variable cost should shut down, its operation in the short run.&lt;br /&gt;
* A firm operating in a competitive market and facing a price below its average total cost and below its average variable cost should increase its output to minimize losses in the short run.&lt;br /&gt;
* A firm operating in a competitive market and facing a price above its average total cost but below its marginal cost, and facing decreasing returns to scale, should in crease its otput in the short and decrease its scale of operation in the long run.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;A firm operating in a competitive market, facing a price above its average total cost and above its marginal cost, and facing increasing returns to scale, should increase its output in the short run and increase its scale of operation in the long run.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 4&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bestand:Screenshot 2024-02-09 140300.png|gecentreerd|miniatuur]]&lt;br /&gt;
Consider two firms in a sector that creating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the production process. The graph depcts the marginal benefit of GHG emissions for firm A (MBA) and firm B (MBB)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Which one of the following statements concerning the policies to reduce GHG emissions hold in this case?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Taxing the firms per unit of GHG emission will result in an efficient outcome with both firms reducing their GHG emission levels to the same extent.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Distributing an equal ampount of tradeable GHG emission permits tot he firms will results in an efficient outcome with firm A likely selling permits to firm B.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* Setting and enforcing an environmental standard (i.e. a maximum emission level) will result in an efficient outcome with both firms reducing their GHG emission levels to the same extent.&lt;br /&gt;
* Taxing the firms per unit of GHG emission will result in an efficient outcome with firm B likely reducing GHG emssion levels more than firm A.&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Question 5&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Consider a hypothetical economy with only 3 products (A, B and C). The table below gives for each of these products the number of units produced and the price per unit for the years 2021, 2022 and 2023&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Production ( # units)&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Price per unit (in € )&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!2021&lt;br /&gt;
!2022&lt;br /&gt;
!2023&lt;br /&gt;
!2021&lt;br /&gt;
!2022&lt;br /&gt;
!2023&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Products A&lt;br /&gt;
|100&lt;br /&gt;
|105&lt;br /&gt;
|115&lt;br /&gt;
|10&lt;br /&gt;
|12&lt;br /&gt;
|15&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Product B&lt;br /&gt;
|150&lt;br /&gt;
|140&lt;br /&gt;
|140&lt;br /&gt;
|5&lt;br /&gt;
|7.5&lt;br /&gt;
|6&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Product C&lt;br /&gt;
|200&lt;br /&gt;
|210&lt;br /&gt;
|220&lt;br /&gt;
|10&lt;br /&gt;
|10&lt;br /&gt;
|12&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
What is the annual nonimal and real GDP growth in this hypothetical country?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Nominal GDP growth is 17.6% ad 18% in 2022 and 2023 respectively. Real DP growth is 1.9% and 5.4% in 2022 and 2023 respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
* Nominal GDP growth is 2.3% and 5.2% in 2022 and 2023 respectively. Real GDP growth is 17.6% and 18% in 2022 and 2023 respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Nominal GDP growth is 17.6% and 18% in 2022 and 2023 respectively. Real GDP growth is 2.3% and 5.2% in 2022 and 2023 respectively.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* Nominal GDP growth is 2.6% and 4.9% in 2022 and 2023 respectively. Real GDP growt is 15.3% and 12.5% in 2022 and 2023 respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 6&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nigeria and Vietnam located in respectively Western Africa and Southeast Asia, both produce rice and corn. It is expected that climate change will have a major impact on rice and corn yields. In Nigeria, yields are expected to still increase somewhat because of agricultural instensification programs. Current (2023) and expected future (2050) rice and corn yields in these countries are given in the table below.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Rice and corn yields in 2023&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Expected rice and corn yields in 2050&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!2023&lt;br /&gt;
!Nigeria&lt;br /&gt;
!Vietnam&lt;br /&gt;
!2050&lt;br /&gt;
!Nigeria&lt;br /&gt;
!Vietnam&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Rice&lt;br /&gt;
|3 ton/ha&lt;br /&gt;
|6 ton/ha&lt;br /&gt;
|Rice&lt;br /&gt;
|4 ton/ha&lt;br /&gt;
|4 ton/ha&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Corn&lt;br /&gt;
|3 ton/ha&lt;br /&gt;
|7 ton/ha&lt;br /&gt;
|Corn&lt;br /&gt;
|5 ton/ha&lt;br /&gt;
|6 ton/ha&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Considering only these two countries and these two crops, how is the direction of trade expected to change as a result of climate change and agricultural intensification in the comin decades?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Nigeria will become a rice exporter by 2050 while currently it is a rice importer.&lt;br /&gt;
* The firection of trade will likely not change, and Nigeria will continue to export corn whlie Vietnam will continue to export rice.&lt;br /&gt;
* Vietnam will become a rice exporter by 2050 while currently it is a rice importer.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;The direction of trade will likely not change, and Nigeria will continue to export rice while Vietnam will continue to export corn.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 7&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Which one of the follwoing statements about the carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) in the EU is a normative economic statement?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Estimate indicate that CBAM will reduce carbon leakage by 29% in the five most important EU industry sectors. Note: carbon leakages are carbon emission shifts due to regualtions, leading to polluting industries moving elsewhere.&lt;br /&gt;
* CBAM will assure that the carbon price of industrial products produced in the EU equals the carbon price of industrial imports. &lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;CBAM will contribute positively to a more sustainable and fair global economy.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* Non-EU countries who do not invest in green technologies for industrial production will likelt be most affected by CBAM.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 8&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Which one of the following statements concerning inequality in GDP per capita between countries is NOT correct?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;A decrease in relative inequality between countries is more difficult to realize than a decrease in absolute inequality between countries&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* The relative inequality between countries has increased substantially over the course of time from the Industrial Revolution until now.&lt;br /&gt;
* The advantages of backwardness is a theory that explains why inequality in GDP per capita between countries may decrease.&lt;br /&gt;
* Relative inequality between countries will decrease when GDP per capita growth rates are larger in poorer countries than in richer countries. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 9&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Consider person Z who is consuming coffee and cookies. Z&#039;s marginal utility of the consumption of a cup of coffee is 10 while 2&#039;s marginal utility of the consumption of a cookie is 5. The price of a cup of coffee is 1.5 €  and the price of a cookie is 0.5 €. What should Z do to maximize his/her/their utility?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* It is impossible to know this with the given information as this depends on the preferences of Z.&lt;br /&gt;
* Z should reduce the consumtion of cookies and/or increase the consumtion of coffee. &lt;br /&gt;
* Z should reducte the consumption of both cookies and coffee.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Z should reducte the consumption of coffee and/or increase the consumption of cookies.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 10&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The market for mabile phones may suffer from a Lemon Market problem because consumers cannot differentiate between low-quality phones (e.g. with a very short batter life) and high-quality phones (e.g. long battery life). We did some research on the quality of mobile phones in the market and on consumers willingness to pay. The conclusion from our research that is publicly available, ins that only 25% of all mobile phones for sale are of high quality and that consumers are willing to pay 500 € for high quality phones but only 300 €  for low-quality phones. When is Lemon Market problem likely to occur in this market for mobile phones?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;A Lemon Market problem is likely to occur when suppliers of high-quality phones are not willing to sell for a price of 350 € or below.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* A Lemon Market problem is likely to occur when suppliers of low-quality phones are not willing ot sell for a price of 350 € or below.&lt;br /&gt;
* A Lemon Market problem is likely to occur anyhow, no matter what prices suppliers charge.&lt;br /&gt;
* A Lemon Market problem is llikely to occur when suppliers of low-quality phones are not willing to sell for a price of 300 € or below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 11&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The telecommunication sector has oligopoly characteristics with a few companies dominating the sector and repeatedlt dealing with each other in the market. This creates scope for tacit collusion, although this is forbidden under anti-trust laws. Imagine there are only two companies in the sector. Romxipus and Entelet. They both offer a monthly mobile phone and internet package with 5 GB of data on which they make the lion&#039;s share of their profits. Below you find the pay off matrix for the companies, in which their yearly profits depend on the price they charge for the monthly package of 5 GB.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Entelet (E)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Price 55 €&lt;br /&gt;
|Price 30 €&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Romxipus (R)&lt;br /&gt;
|Price 55 €&lt;br /&gt;
|Profit R = 6,5 million €&lt;br /&gt;
Profit E = 9 million €&lt;br /&gt;
|Profit R = Y&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Price 30 €&lt;br /&gt;
|Profit R = 8 million €&lt;br /&gt;
Profit E = X&lt;br /&gt;
|Profit R = 5 million €&lt;br /&gt;
Profit E = 7 million €&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Irrespective of anti-trust laws, how high should X and Y minimally be for tacit collusion between these companies to be feasible?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Tacit collusion between these companies is never feasible even if X and Y are very high.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Tacit collusion between these companies would always be feasible, even if X and Y are zero.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* Tacit collusion between these companies becomes feasivle if X is greater than or equal than 9 million and Y greater than or equal than 6.5 million&lt;br /&gt;
* Tacit collusion between these companies becomes feasivle if X is greater than or equal than 7 million and Y greater than or equal than 5 million&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 12&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Which one of the following statements on the Tragedy of the Commons is NOT correct?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Tragedy of the commons can lead to severe degradation or even complete extinction of a resource&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Tragedy of the commons implies that resources that are non-rival in consumtion and non-excludable tend to be overexploited.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* Tragedy of the commons emerges because exploitation of the resource is associated with large private benefits for the users of the resource.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tragedy of the commons emerges becuase exploitatoin of the resource is associated with large social costs that are not taken into account by users of the resource.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 13&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Belgian politicians are talking about increasing the value-added tax or consumption tax on ultra-processed food and drinks (UPFD) in order to stimulate more healthy diets. Many UPFD are cheap food options that are speciafically attractive to lower-income consumery. The demand for UPFD in Belgium is more price inelastic among lower-income consumers and more price elastic among higher-income consumers. Yet the income elasticity of demand for UPFD is higher among lower-income consumers than among higher-income consumers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
13a. What will the result of such a tax increase likely be?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* A new market equilibrium will occur at a higher price and a lower quantity. Consumers will lose surplus while producers will gain surplus. HIgher-income consumers will decrease cosumtion of UPFD more than lower-income consumers.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;A new market equilibrium will occur at a higher price and a lower quantity. Consumers and producers will both lose surplus. Higher-income consumers will decrease consumptioin of UPFD more than lower-income consumers.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* A new market equilibrium will occur at a higher price and a lower quantity. Consumers and proucers will both lose surplus. Lower-income consumers will decrease consumtion of UPFD more than higher-income consumers.&lt;br /&gt;
* A new market equilibrium will occur at a lower price and a higher quantity. Consumers will gain surplus while producers will lose surplus. Lower-income consumers will decrease consumption of UPFD more than higher-income consumers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
13b. Is this tax increase likely to be a proportional, regressive or progressive tax?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* There is not enough information about the tax burden to know this.&lt;br /&gt;
* Progressive&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Proportional&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* Regressive&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 14&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The company CoMoNo produces XOZ (a fake product) and faces a cost structure as indicated in the table below. The demand and supply for XOZ in the market are given by:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Demand: P = 20 - 0.5*Qd&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Supply: P = 2 + 0.5*Qs&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&lt;br /&gt;
!Output level (Q)&lt;br /&gt;
!Total Variable Cost&lt;br /&gt;
!Total Fixed Cost&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|0&lt;br /&gt;
|0&lt;br /&gt;
|2&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1&lt;br /&gt;
|3&lt;br /&gt;
|2&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2&lt;br /&gt;
|8&lt;br /&gt;
|2&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|3&lt;br /&gt;
|15&lt;br /&gt;
|2&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|4&lt;br /&gt;
|24&lt;br /&gt;
|2&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|5&lt;br /&gt;
|35&lt;br /&gt;
|2&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|6&lt;br /&gt;
|48&lt;br /&gt;
|2&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|7&lt;br /&gt;
|61&lt;br /&gt;
|2&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|8&lt;br /&gt;
|80&lt;br /&gt;
|2&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|9&lt;br /&gt;
|99&lt;br /&gt;
|2&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|10&lt;br /&gt;
|120&lt;br /&gt;
|2&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
14a. If CoMoNo is operating in a perfectly competitive market, what is the profit-maximizing output level of the comapny and how much profit will the company make when producing at this point?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Q = 7 and profit = 18&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Q = 5 and profit = 18&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* Q = 2 and profit = 12&lt;br /&gt;
* Q = 10 and profit = 20&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
14b. If CoMoNo is a monopolist (who cannot price discriminate), what is the profit-maximizing output level of the company and how much profit will the company make when producing at this point?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Q = 10 and profit = 48&lt;br /&gt;
* Q = 5 and profit = 45.5&lt;br /&gt;
* Q = 10 and profit = 20&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Q = 7 and profit = 52.5&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 15&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This graph depicts the supply (S) and demand (D) for a hypothetical good X. Demand shifts outwards from D1 to D2.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bestand:Screenshot 2024-02-09 153907.png|gecentreerd|miniatuur]]&lt;br /&gt;
What could cause this outward shift in the demand?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;An increase in the price of a substitute for X  when X is a normal good.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* An increase in income if X is an inferior good.&lt;br /&gt;
* The expectation that the price of a complement of X will decrease in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
* A decrease in income if the demand for X is income inelastic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2022-2023 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 27 januari ===&lt;br /&gt;
Open vragen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# There have been recent proposals to abolish value-added tax (consumption tax) on fruits and vegetables&lt;br /&gt;
## What could the rationale be to abolish this tax?&lt;br /&gt;
## Explain with a graphical analysis what the consequences of the abolishment of the tax could be. Indicate clearly what happens&lt;br /&gt;
## Price elasticity for demand for apples and pears is -0,8, while for berries it is -1,4. Explain with a graphical analysis what the consequences of the tax abolishment are on these two goods. Are they different?&lt;br /&gt;
## Is a tax on fruit and vegetable consumption a progressive, regressive or proportional tax? What do you think? Explain.&lt;br /&gt;
# The lemon market problem or the problem of adverse selection. Explain the problem in your own words and propose some ways to counter the phenomenon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meerkeuze (weet ik niet allemaal meer maar dit waren de moeilijkste)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# The GDP of Ampilota is (..), the aggregate consumption function is given by (..) and planned investment is (..). What do you expect will happen to the Ampilotan economy in the next years?&lt;br /&gt;
# The demand curve for park space is given by Qu (..) for regular users of park space andQnu for non-regular users. If the marginal cost for the government to create park space is 200.000Q = MC, what is the social optimum level of park space they should provide?&lt;br /&gt;
# A monopolistic firm faces a constant MC = 4€ and a demand curve of  Q = 4000 - 250P. What is the output they will produce at to maximise profits?&lt;br /&gt;
# If the firm from the question above could perfectly price discriminate, what would their profits be? What would social loss be?ùThe EU and the UK are both members of the WTO. What would the consequences be if they hadn&#039;t reached a trade deal with Brexit? (i.e. the WTO trade rules about most favoured-nations and tarrifs would apply)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2021-2022 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 28 januari 2022 ===&lt;br /&gt;
Open vragen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Question 1:  The EU is a net importer of meat from bovine animals  - or beef (Dutch: rundsvlees).  The beef imported  by the EU mainly comes from  the US, Brazil,  Chile and other Latin American countries&lt;br /&gt;
	A) Explain, using a graphical analysis, what the welfare effects are of the trade in beef for the EU and for Brazil (in comparison to no trade in beef). Indicate in your analysis, the distribution of these welfare effects. (6 punten)&lt;br /&gt;
		Answer: &lt;br /&gt;
		+ 3 punten: EU: completely correct&lt;br /&gt;
		+0.5 punten: EU: demand, supply &amp;amp; pw correct (below pd)&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: EU: CS increase correct  &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: EU: PS decrease correct &lt;br /&gt;
		+0.5 punten: EU efficiency gains&lt;br /&gt;
		-0.5 punten: EU: small mistake &lt;br /&gt;
		-1 punten: EU: large or multiple mistake(s)&lt;br /&gt;
		+3 punten: Brazil: completely correct&lt;br /&gt;
		+0.5 punten: Brazil: demand, supply, pw correct (above pd)&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Brazil: CS decrease correct&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Brazil: PS increase correct&lt;br /&gt;
		+0.5 punten: Brazil: efficiency gain correct&lt;br /&gt;
		-0.5 punten: Brazil: small mistake&lt;br /&gt;
		-1 punten: Brazil: large or multiple mistake(s)&lt;br /&gt;
		0 punten: Geen van bovenstaande&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
	B) Would it make sense for the US and Latin-American countries to make agreements among themselves to reduce the herds of bovine animals, and reduce the production and export of beef in expectations of higher prices and better terms of trade? Why or why not? Motivate your answer.  (3 punten)&lt;br /&gt;
		Answer:&lt;br /&gt;
		+3 punten: Complete and correct answer: no because other producing countries, and rather price elastic demand for beef and close substitutes available. &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: No, this does not make a lot of sense as they would not be able to increase the world market price of beef much. &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: There are other producing countries, and these countries would expand production. In addition it is rather easy for countries to entry into beef production. &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Substitutes for beef exist. Therefore, demand for beef is rather price elastic, such that reduced production (in an agreement) would not increase price much. &lt;br /&gt;
		0 punten: Geen van bovenstaande&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
	C) The EU imposes a rather high tariff (of 20%) on beef imports. Why would the EU apply such a tariff? (1 punt)&lt;br /&gt;
		Answer:&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Protect domestic producers in the EU.&lt;br /&gt;
		+0.5 punten: Something else useful (tax revenue, reduce environmental externalities, ..)&lt;br /&gt;
		0 punten: Geen van bovenstaande&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
	D) Explain, using a graphical analysis, what the welfare effects of this tariff on beef are in the EU (in comparison to a situation of free trade without tariffs). Indicate in your analysis the distribution of these welfare effects. (5 punten)&lt;br /&gt;
		Answer: &lt;br /&gt;
		+5 punten: completely correct&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: tariff correctly indicated, increasing the price above the world market price but below the domestic equilibrium price in the EU; such that imports reduce&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: CS correctly indicated in the graph, CS decreases because of the tariff&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: PS correctly indicated in the graph, PS increases because of the tariff&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: tax revenue correctly indicated in the graph, tax revenue for the government positive&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: deadweight losses correctly indicated in the graph, deadweight losses are negative because the decrease in CS is larger than the sum of the increase in PS and tax revenue. There are net losses to society from the tax. Gains from trade are reduced in comparison to no tariff.&lt;br /&gt;
		-0.5 punten: small mistake / something incomplete&lt;br /&gt;
		-1 punten: large mistake or several small mistakes&lt;br /&gt;
		0 punten: geen van bovenstaande&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Question 2: Explain in your own words what public goods are and what the intrinsic problems are with the provisioning of public goods.  (5 punten)&lt;br /&gt;
		Answer:&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Public goods are non-rival in consumption: one person&#039;s consumption of a public good does not decrease the availability of the good for another person. &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Public goods are non-excludable: nobody can be excluded from the consumption of a public good. &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Drop-in-the-bucket problem: provisioning of public goods is expensive and a single person&#039;s payment for the good does not make a difference (or the provisioning does not depend on a single person&#039;s payment)&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Free-rider problem: people are not willing to pay for public goods because they cannot be excluded if they do not pay (or they can still enjoy the benefits of the good if they do not pay). &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Difficult to know for policy-makers how much of a public good needs to be provided because people have an incentive to not reveal their true preferences for the good because of the drop-in-the-bucket and free-rider problems. &lt;br /&gt;
		-0.5 punten: Small mistakes / missing things / poor explanation&lt;br /&gt;
		-1 punten: Large mistakes / missing things / poor explanation &lt;br /&gt;
		0 punten: Geen van bovenstaande&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meerkeuzevragen&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>QuintenVH</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/index.php?title=Bestand:Screenshot_2024-02-09_153907.png&amp;diff=506</id>
		<title>Bestand:Screenshot 2024-02-09 153907.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/index.php?title=Bestand:Screenshot_2024-02-09_153907.png&amp;diff=506"/>
		<updated>2024-02-09T14:39:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;QuintenVH: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;graph&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>QuintenVH</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/index.php?title=Bio-Economics&amp;diff=503</id>
		<title>Bio-Economics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/index.php?title=Bio-Economics&amp;diff=503"/>
		<updated>2024-02-09T13:07:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;QuintenVH: /* 26 januari */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox&lt;br /&gt;
 | title   = Vakinfo&lt;br /&gt;
 | headerstyle = background:lightgrey&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 | header1 = Lessen en examens&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label2 = Docent |   data2 = Miet Maertens&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label3 = Lesvorm |   data3 = Hoorcollege&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label4 = Examenvorm |   data4 = Schriftelijk; meerkeuzevragen met twee open vragen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 | header5 = Achtergrond&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label6 = Studiepunten |   data6 = 4&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label7 = Wanneer? |   data7 = 2e bach, 1e sem&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label8 = Brossen? |   data8 = Eerder niet&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2023-2024 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 26 januari ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;Open vragen&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 1&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Explain in your own wordss the concept of degrowth and how degrowth relates to the Easterlin paradox and the Jevons paradox. (5pts)&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bestand:Screenshot 2024-02-09 140641.png|gecentreerd|miniatuur]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&amp;quot;China lifts five-year ban on Belgian Pork&amp;quot;, Reuters, January 12th 2024.&#039;&#039; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Belgium and the United States of America (USA) are both exporters of pork. Many Asian countries, including for example China, Japan and South Korea, are large importers of pork in the world. In 2018 countries in the EU and in Asia suffered from a major outbreak of African swine fever (ASF). There was no ASF outbreak in the USA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Asian countries implented an import ban on Belgian pork after the ASF outbreak in 2018, implying a complete standstill of participation in pork exports for Belgium. After containment of the ASF outbreak, Asian countries one after the other lifted their import ban on Belgian pork in recent years - with China being the last country to have lifted the ban after the visit of Belgian prime minister De Croo to Beijing early January 2024. In addition, to assure sufficient availability of pork, Asian countries lowered their import tariffs on pork during the ASF outbreak (for example from 12% to 8% in China). Today, these import tariffs on pork are back to their normal levels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2a. Explain using a graphical analysis what the welfare effects are of the ASF outbreak for Belgium by comparing the situation before the ASF outbreak, the situation in 2018 (and subsequent years), and the situation today in Belgium. Be as complete as possible in analyzing the welfare effects. (5pts)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2b. Explain why and how the USA pork market was affected by the situation. Explain using a graphical analysis what the welfare effects are of the ASF outbreak for the USA by comparing the situation before the ASF outbreak, the sitation in 2018 (and subsequent years), and the situation today in the USA. Be as complete as possible in analyzing the welfare effects. (5pts)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;Meerkeuzevragen (Alles op 1 punt)&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 3&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Considering a competitive market and profit maximizing firms, which one of the followin statements is correct:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* A firm operating in a competitive market and facing a price below its average total cost and above its average variable cost should shut down, its operation in the short run.&lt;br /&gt;
* A firm operating in a competitive market and facing a price below its average total cost and below its average variable cost should increase its output to minimize losses in the short run.&lt;br /&gt;
* A firm operating in a competitive market and facing a price above its average total cost but below its marginal cost, and facing decreasing returns to scale, should in crease its otput in the short and decrease its scale of operation in the long run.&lt;br /&gt;
* A firm operating in a competitive market, facing a price above its average total cost and above its marginal cost, and facing increasing returns to scale, should increase its output in the short run and increase its scale of operation in the long run.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 4&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bestand:Screenshot 2024-02-09 140300.png|gecentreerd|miniatuur]]&lt;br /&gt;
Consider two firms in a sector that creating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the production process. The graph depcts the marginal benefit of GHG emissions for firm A (MBA) and firm B (MBB)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Which one of the following statements concerning the policies to reduce GHG emissions hold in this case?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Taxing the firms per unit of GHG emission will result in an efficient outcome with both firms reducing their GHG emission levels to the same extent.&lt;br /&gt;
* Distributing an equal ampount of tradeable GHG emission permits tot he firms will results in an efficient outcome with firm A likely selling permits to firm B.&lt;br /&gt;
* Setting and enforcing an environmental standard (i.e. a maximum emission level) will result in an efficient outcome with both firms reducing their GHG emission levels to the same extent.&lt;br /&gt;
* Taxing the firms per unit of GHG emission will result in an efficient outcome with firm B likely reducing GHG emssion levels more than firm A.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2022-2023 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 27 januari ===&lt;br /&gt;
Open vragen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# There have been recent proposals to abolish value-added tax (consumption tax) on fruits and vegetables&lt;br /&gt;
## What could the rationale be to abolish this tax?&lt;br /&gt;
## Explain with a graphical analysis what the consequences of the abolishment of the tax could be. Indicate clearly what happens&lt;br /&gt;
## Price elasticity for demand for apples and pears is -0,8, while for berries it is -1,4. Explain with a graphical analysis what the consequences of the tax abolishment are on these two goods. Are they different?&lt;br /&gt;
## Is a tax on fruit and vegetable consumption a progressive, regressive or proportional tax? What do you think? Explain.&lt;br /&gt;
# The lemon market problem or the problem of adverse selection. Explain the problem in your own words and propose some ways to counter the phenomenon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meerkeuze (weet ik niet allemaal meer maar dit waren de moeilijkste)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# The GDP of Ampilota is (..), the aggregate consumption function is given by (..) and planned investment is (..). What do you expect will happen to the Ampilotan economy in the next years?&lt;br /&gt;
# The demand curve for park space is given by Qu (..) for regular users of park space andQnu for non-regular users. If the marginal cost for the government to create park space is 200.000Q = MC, what is the social optimum level of park space they should provide?&lt;br /&gt;
# A monopolistic firm faces a constant MC = 4€ and a demand curve of  Q = 4000 - 250P. What is the output they will produce at to maximise profits?&lt;br /&gt;
# If the firm from the question above could perfectly price discriminate, what would their profits be? What would social loss be?ùThe EU and the UK are both members of the WTO. What would the consequences be if they hadn&#039;t reached a trade deal with Brexit? (i.e. the WTO trade rules about most favoured-nations and tarrifs would apply)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2021-2022 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 28 januari 2022 ===&lt;br /&gt;
Open vragen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Question 1:  The EU is a net importer of meat from bovine animals  - or beef (Dutch: rundsvlees).  The beef imported  by the EU mainly comes from  the US, Brazil,  Chile and other Latin American countries&lt;br /&gt;
	A) Explain, using a graphical analysis, what the welfare effects are of the trade in beef for the EU and for Brazil (in comparison to no trade in beef). Indicate in your analysis, the distribution of these welfare effects. (6 punten)&lt;br /&gt;
		Answer: &lt;br /&gt;
		+ 3 punten: EU: completely correct&lt;br /&gt;
		+0.5 punten: EU: demand, supply &amp;amp; pw correct (below pd)&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: EU: CS increase correct  &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: EU: PS decrease correct &lt;br /&gt;
		+0.5 punten: EU efficiency gains&lt;br /&gt;
		-0.5 punten: EU: small mistake &lt;br /&gt;
		-1 punten: EU: large or multiple mistake(s)&lt;br /&gt;
		+3 punten: Brazil: completely correct&lt;br /&gt;
		+0.5 punten: Brazil: demand, supply, pw correct (above pd)&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Brazil: CS decrease correct&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Brazil: PS increase correct&lt;br /&gt;
		+0.5 punten: Brazil: efficiency gain correct&lt;br /&gt;
		-0.5 punten: Brazil: small mistake&lt;br /&gt;
		-1 punten: Brazil: large or multiple mistake(s)&lt;br /&gt;
		0 punten: Geen van bovenstaande&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
	B) Would it make sense for the US and Latin-American countries to make agreements among themselves to reduce the herds of bovine animals, and reduce the production and export of beef in expectations of higher prices and better terms of trade? Why or why not? Motivate your answer.  (3 punten)&lt;br /&gt;
		Answer:&lt;br /&gt;
		+3 punten: Complete and correct answer: no because other producing countries, and rather price elastic demand for beef and close substitutes available. &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: No, this does not make a lot of sense as they would not be able to increase the world market price of beef much. &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: There are other producing countries, and these countries would expand production. In addition it is rather easy for countries to entry into beef production. &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Substitutes for beef exist. Therefore, demand for beef is rather price elastic, such that reduced production (in an agreement) would not increase price much. &lt;br /&gt;
		0 punten: Geen van bovenstaande&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
	C) The EU imposes a rather high tariff (of 20%) on beef imports. Why would the EU apply such a tariff? (1 punt)&lt;br /&gt;
		Answer:&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Protect domestic producers in the EU.&lt;br /&gt;
		+0.5 punten: Something else useful (tax revenue, reduce environmental externalities, ..)&lt;br /&gt;
		0 punten: Geen van bovenstaande&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
	D) Explain, using a graphical analysis, what the welfare effects of this tariff on beef are in the EU (in comparison to a situation of free trade without tariffs). Indicate in your analysis the distribution of these welfare effects. (5 punten)&lt;br /&gt;
		Answer: &lt;br /&gt;
		+5 punten: completely correct&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: tariff correctly indicated, increasing the price above the world market price but below the domestic equilibrium price in the EU; such that imports reduce&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: CS correctly indicated in the graph, CS decreases because of the tariff&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: PS correctly indicated in the graph, PS increases because of the tariff&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: tax revenue correctly indicated in the graph, tax revenue for the government positive&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: deadweight losses correctly indicated in the graph, deadweight losses are negative because the decrease in CS is larger than the sum of the increase in PS and tax revenue. There are net losses to society from the tax. Gains from trade are reduced in comparison to no tariff.&lt;br /&gt;
		-0.5 punten: small mistake / something incomplete&lt;br /&gt;
		-1 punten: large mistake or several small mistakes&lt;br /&gt;
		0 punten: geen van bovenstaande&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Question 2: Explain in your own words what public goods are and what the intrinsic problems are with the provisioning of public goods.  (5 punten)&lt;br /&gt;
		Answer:&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Public goods are non-rival in consumption: one person&#039;s consumption of a public good does not decrease the availability of the good for another person. &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Public goods are non-excludable: nobody can be excluded from the consumption of a public good. &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Drop-in-the-bucket problem: provisioning of public goods is expensive and a single person&#039;s payment for the good does not make a difference (or the provisioning does not depend on a single person&#039;s payment)&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Free-rider problem: people are not willing to pay for public goods because they cannot be excluded if they do not pay (or they can still enjoy the benefits of the good if they do not pay). &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Difficult to know for policy-makers how much of a public good needs to be provided because people have an incentive to not reveal their true preferences for the good because of the drop-in-the-bucket and free-rider problems. &lt;br /&gt;
		-0.5 punten: Small mistakes / missing things / poor explanation&lt;br /&gt;
		-1 punten: Large mistakes / missing things / poor explanation &lt;br /&gt;
		0 punten: Geen van bovenstaande&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meerkeuzevragen&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>QuintenVH</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/index.php?title=Bio-Economics&amp;diff=501</id>
		<title>Bio-Economics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/index.php?title=Bio-Economics&amp;diff=501"/>
		<updated>2024-02-09T13:05:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;QuintenVH: /* 26 januari */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox&lt;br /&gt;
 | title   = Vakinfo&lt;br /&gt;
 | headerstyle = background:lightgrey&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 | header1 = Lessen en examens&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label2 = Docent |   data2 = Miet Maertens&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label3 = Lesvorm |   data3 = Hoorcollege&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label4 = Examenvorm |   data4 = Schriftelijk; meerkeuzevragen met twee open vragen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 | header5 = Achtergrond&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label6 = Studiepunten |   data6 = 4&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label7 = Wanneer? |   data7 = 2e bach, 1e sem&lt;br /&gt;
 |  label8 = Brossen? |   data8 = Eerder niet&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2023-2024 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 26 januari ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;Open vragen&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 1&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Explain in your own wordss the concept of degrowth and how degrowth relates to the Easterlin paradox and the Jevons paradox. (5pts)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&amp;quot;China lifts five-year ban on Belgian Pork&amp;quot;, Reuters, January 12th 2024.&#039;&#039; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Belgium and the United States of America (USA) are both exporters of pork. Many Asian countries, including for example China, Japan and South Korea, are large importers of pork in the world. In 2018 countries in the EU and in Asia suffered from a major outbreak of African swine fever (ASF). There was no ASF outbreak in the USA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Asian countries implented an import ban on Belgian pork after the ASF outbreak in 2018, implying a complete standstill of participation in pork exports for Belgium. After containment of the ASF outbreak, Asian countries one after the other lifted their import ban on Belgian pork in recent years - with China being the last country to have lifted the ban after the visit of Belgian prime minister De Croo to Beijing early January 2024. In addition, to assure sufficient availability of pork, Asian countries lowered their import tariffs on pork during the ASF outbreak (for example from 12% to 8% in China). Today, these import tariffs on pork are back to their normal levels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2a. Explain using a graphical analysis what the welfare effects are of the ASF outbreak for Belgium by comparing the situation before the ASF outbreak, the situation in 2018 (and subsequent years), and the situation today in Belgium. Be as complete as possible in analyzing the welfare effects. (5pts)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2b. Explain why and how the USA pork market was affected by the situation. Explain using a graphical analysis what the welfare effects are of the ASF outbreak for the USA by comparing the situation before the ASF outbreak, the sitation in 2018 (and subsequent years), and the situation today in the USA. Be as complete as possible in analyzing the welfare effects. (5pts)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;Meerkeuzevragen (Alles op 1 punt)&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 3&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Considering a competitive market and profit maximizing firms, which one of the followin statements is correct:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* A firm operating in a competitive market and facing a price below its average total cost and above its average variable cost should shut down, its operation in the short run.&lt;br /&gt;
* A firm operating in a competitive market and facing a price below its average total cost and below its average variable cost should increase its output to minimize losses in the short run.&lt;br /&gt;
* A firm operating in a competitive market and facing a price above its average total cost but below its marginal cost, and facing decreasing returns to scale, should in crease its otput in the short and decrease its scale of operation in the long run.&lt;br /&gt;
* A firm operating in a competitive market, facing a price above its average total cost and above its marginal cost, and facing increasing returns to scale, should increase its output in the short run and increase its scale of operation in the long run.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Question 4&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bestand:Screenshot 2024-02-09 140300.png|gecentreerd|miniatuur]]&lt;br /&gt;
Consider two firms in a sector that creating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the production process. The graph depcts the marginal benefit of GHG emissions for firm A (MBA) and firm B (MBB)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Which one of the following statements concerning the policies to reduce GHG emissions hold in this case?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Taxing the firms per unit of GHG emission will result in an efficient outcome with both firms reducing their GHG emission levels to the same extent.&lt;br /&gt;
* Distributing an equal ampount of tradeable GHG emission permits tot he firms will results in an efficient outcome with firm A likely selling permits to firm B.&lt;br /&gt;
* Setting and enforcing an environmental standard (i.e. a maximum emission level) will result in an efficient outcome with both firms reducing their GHG emission levels to the same extent.&lt;br /&gt;
* Taxing the firms per unit of GHG emission will result in an efficient outcome with firm B likely reducing GHG emssion levels more than firm A.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2022-2023 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 27 januari ===&lt;br /&gt;
Open vragen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# There have been recent proposals to abolish value-added tax (consumption tax) on fruits and vegetables&lt;br /&gt;
## What could the rationale be to abolish this tax?&lt;br /&gt;
## Explain with a graphical analysis what the consequences of the abolishment of the tax could be. Indicate clearly what happens&lt;br /&gt;
## Price elasticity for demand for apples and pears is -0,8, while for berries it is -1,4. Explain with a graphical analysis what the consequences of the tax abolishment are on these two goods. Are they different?&lt;br /&gt;
## Is a tax on fruit and vegetable consumption a progressive, regressive or proportional tax? What do you think? Explain.&lt;br /&gt;
# The lemon market problem or the problem of adverse selection. Explain the problem in your own words and propose some ways to counter the phenomenon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meerkeuze (weet ik niet allemaal meer maar dit waren de moeilijkste)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# The GDP of Ampilota is (..), the aggregate consumption function is given by (..) and planned investment is (..). What do you expect will happen to the Ampilotan economy in the next years?&lt;br /&gt;
# The demand curve for park space is given by Qu (..) for regular users of park space andQnu for non-regular users. If the marginal cost for the government to create park space is 200.000Q = MC, what is the social optimum level of park space they should provide?&lt;br /&gt;
# A monopolistic firm faces a constant MC = 4€ and a demand curve of  Q = 4000 - 250P. What is the output they will produce at to maximise profits?&lt;br /&gt;
# If the firm from the question above could perfectly price discriminate, what would their profits be? What would social loss be?ùThe EU and the UK are both members of the WTO. What would the consequences be if they hadn&#039;t reached a trade deal with Brexit? (i.e. the WTO trade rules about most favoured-nations and tarrifs would apply)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2021-2022 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 28 januari 2022 ===&lt;br /&gt;
Open vragen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Question 1:  The EU is a net importer of meat from bovine animals  - or beef (Dutch: rundsvlees).  The beef imported  by the EU mainly comes from  the US, Brazil,  Chile and other Latin American countries&lt;br /&gt;
	A) Explain, using a graphical analysis, what the welfare effects are of the trade in beef for the EU and for Brazil (in comparison to no trade in beef). Indicate in your analysis, the distribution of these welfare effects. (6 punten)&lt;br /&gt;
		Answer: &lt;br /&gt;
		+ 3 punten: EU: completely correct&lt;br /&gt;
		+0.5 punten: EU: demand, supply &amp;amp; pw correct (below pd)&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: EU: CS increase correct  &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: EU: PS decrease correct &lt;br /&gt;
		+0.5 punten: EU efficiency gains&lt;br /&gt;
		-0.5 punten: EU: small mistake &lt;br /&gt;
		-1 punten: EU: large or multiple mistake(s)&lt;br /&gt;
		+3 punten: Brazil: completely correct&lt;br /&gt;
		+0.5 punten: Brazil: demand, supply, pw correct (above pd)&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Brazil: CS decrease correct&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Brazil: PS increase correct&lt;br /&gt;
		+0.5 punten: Brazil: efficiency gain correct&lt;br /&gt;
		-0.5 punten: Brazil: small mistake&lt;br /&gt;
		-1 punten: Brazil: large or multiple mistake(s)&lt;br /&gt;
		0 punten: Geen van bovenstaande&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
	B) Would it make sense for the US and Latin-American countries to make agreements among themselves to reduce the herds of bovine animals, and reduce the production and export of beef in expectations of higher prices and better terms of trade? Why or why not? Motivate your answer.  (3 punten)&lt;br /&gt;
		Answer:&lt;br /&gt;
		+3 punten: Complete and correct answer: no because other producing countries, and rather price elastic demand for beef and close substitutes available. &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: No, this does not make a lot of sense as they would not be able to increase the world market price of beef much. &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: There are other producing countries, and these countries would expand production. In addition it is rather easy for countries to entry into beef production. &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Substitutes for beef exist. Therefore, demand for beef is rather price elastic, such that reduced production (in an agreement) would not increase price much. &lt;br /&gt;
		0 punten: Geen van bovenstaande&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
	C) The EU imposes a rather high tariff (of 20%) on beef imports. Why would the EU apply such a tariff? (1 punt)&lt;br /&gt;
		Answer:&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Protect domestic producers in the EU.&lt;br /&gt;
		+0.5 punten: Something else useful (tax revenue, reduce environmental externalities, ..)&lt;br /&gt;
		0 punten: Geen van bovenstaande&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
	D) Explain, using a graphical analysis, what the welfare effects of this tariff on beef are in the EU (in comparison to a situation of free trade without tariffs). Indicate in your analysis the distribution of these welfare effects. (5 punten)&lt;br /&gt;
		Answer: &lt;br /&gt;
		+5 punten: completely correct&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: tariff correctly indicated, increasing the price above the world market price but below the domestic equilibrium price in the EU; such that imports reduce&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: CS correctly indicated in the graph, CS decreases because of the tariff&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: PS correctly indicated in the graph, PS increases because of the tariff&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: tax revenue correctly indicated in the graph, tax revenue for the government positive&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: deadweight losses correctly indicated in the graph, deadweight losses are negative because the decrease in CS is larger than the sum of the increase in PS and tax revenue. There are net losses to society from the tax. Gains from trade are reduced in comparison to no tariff.&lt;br /&gt;
		-0.5 punten: small mistake / something incomplete&lt;br /&gt;
		-1 punten: large mistake or several small mistakes&lt;br /&gt;
		0 punten: geen van bovenstaande&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Question 2: Explain in your own words what public goods are and what the intrinsic problems are with the provisioning of public goods.  (5 punten)&lt;br /&gt;
		Answer:&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Public goods are non-rival in consumption: one person&#039;s consumption of a public good does not decrease the availability of the good for another person. &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Public goods are non-excludable: nobody can be excluded from the consumption of a public good. &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Drop-in-the-bucket problem: provisioning of public goods is expensive and a single person&#039;s payment for the good does not make a difference (or the provisioning does not depend on a single person&#039;s payment)&lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Free-rider problem: people are not willing to pay for public goods because they cannot be excluded if they do not pay (or they can still enjoy the benefits of the good if they do not pay). &lt;br /&gt;
		+1 punt: Difficult to know for policy-makers how much of a public good needs to be provided because people have an incentive to not reveal their true preferences for the good because of the drop-in-the-bucket and free-rider problems. &lt;br /&gt;
		-0.5 punten: Small mistakes / missing things / poor explanation&lt;br /&gt;
		-1 punten: Large mistakes / missing things / poor explanation &lt;br /&gt;
		0 punten: Geen van bovenstaande&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meerkeuzevragen&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>QuintenVH</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/index.php?title=Bestand:Screenshot_2024-02-09_140300.png&amp;diff=500</id>
		<title>Bestand:Screenshot 2024-02-09 140300.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/index.php?title=Bestand:Screenshot_2024-02-09_140300.png&amp;diff=500"/>
		<updated>2024-02-09T13:04:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;QuintenVH: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Graph&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>QuintenVH</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/index.php?title=Igneous_and_Metamorphic_Petrology&amp;diff=413</id>
		<title>Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/index.php?title=Igneous_and_Metamorphic_Petrology&amp;diff=413"/>
		<updated>2024-01-12T16:37:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;QuintenVH: /* Januari 2024 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Professor:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; Olivier Namur&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Wat?&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; Hoorcollege, practicum&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Studiepunten:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; 6&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Examenvorm:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; mondeling met schriftelijke voorbereiding en schriftelijk&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Examenperiode:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; januari&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Brossen of niet?&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; Nee, de Olli is super schattig &amp;lt;3&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Sinds 2017-2018 wordt dit vak gegeven door Olivier Namur, een Waalse prof die in het Engels lesgeeft. Hij is nieuw sinds 2017 en vervangt Sarah Fowler. Hij heeft dus nog geen cursus, maar wel notities die hij bij elke les heeft gemaakt. Deze zijn vaak uitgebreid en er zit vaak ook extra achtergrond informatie die dat niet per se gekend moet zijn maar wel zeer handig is voor het studeren. Hij geeft intensief maar zeer goed les, je valt er zeker niet in slaap bij. Het practicum is wel pittig maar kan in het semester gedaan worden in overleg met de assistent, dus dat geeft meer tijd voor het theoretisch deel.&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;Sinds 2017-2018 wordt het door Olivier Namur gegeven. De vragen bij de voorgaande jaren zijn dus niet representatief. Zijn engels is niet perfect dus er kunnen wat spellingsfouten of grammaticale fouten inzitten.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Januari 2024 ===&lt;br /&gt;
Tien juist/fout vragen, exact dezelfde als 2018.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;Magmatisch deel&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vraag 1:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Define equilibrium and fractional crystallisation. &lt;br /&gt;
* Draw schematic diagrams to explain how melt evolves chemically during fractional crystallisation. Show the effect of changing mineral assemblage including solid solutions.&lt;br /&gt;
* explain the main processes leading to fractional crystallisation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vraag 2:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* What are the main volatiles in magma? What type of magma are they more abundant in?&lt;br /&gt;
* Define volatile solubility and the parameters controlling volatile solubility.&lt;br /&gt;
* How do volatiles enter the structure of the melt?&lt;br /&gt;
* Do volatiles play a role on the dynamics of magma eruptions and the physical properties of magma?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;Metamorf deel&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
vraag 3:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Explain the barrovian metamorphic sequence and provide the list of index minerals. &lt;br /&gt;
* Explain schametically how they relate to each other in a P/T diagram by illustrating the maximum metamorphic conditions.&lt;br /&gt;
* what is the difference with the Buchan type metamorphism?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;nomenclatuur van magmatische gesteenten&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
vraag 4: 3 mineralen benoemen op basis van gegeven percentages. De classificatiediagrammen zijn niet gegeven, dus je moet het zonder kunnen. (Dezelfde mineralen als in 2018)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== September 2023 ===&lt;br /&gt;
Zeer gelijkaardig aan het examen van 2018. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 10 juist/fout vragen met uitleg geven. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Hawaii: uitleggen wat er gebeurd, hoe het gevormd wordt, wat de vorm van de vulkanen zijn en de samenstelling van de magma en hoe deze veranderen in de tijd. &lt;br /&gt;
* De verschillende soorten basaltische vulkanen en lava flows en hun karakteristieken. De verschillende soorten erupties en hun explosiviteit.&lt;br /&gt;
* Oefening op percentages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Januari 2023 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Beurt 1: 16/01  ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Explain the difference between CIPW norm and mineral mode. + Hoe werkt CIPW &lt;br /&gt;
* Verschil tussen equilibrium en fractional crystallization + uitleggen wat het is. Main processes van fractional crystallization.&lt;br /&gt;
* Wat is nucleation en wat is crystal growth. Wat is undercooling, wat is effect van undercooling op crystal growth. Wat is Gibbsfree energy surface en wat is gibbs free energy volume? Hoe verhouden deze zich tot elkaar?&lt;br /&gt;
* Wat is A&#039;KF en ACF, waarvoor dient dit? Hoe komen deze tot stand? &lt;br /&gt;
* Classificatie van 3 shtenen (percentage van mineralen gegeven en bij plagioclase staat tussenhaakjes (An60) bvb) (kpeis 2 plutonic en 1 volcanic, ma kwist da nie zo goe) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Januari 2022 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 17 januari  ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Explain the difference between CIPW norm and mineral mode&lt;br /&gt;
* Explain the different phases of magma. Illustrate and explain the structure of a silicate melt and the link between melt structure, polymerization and physical properties. What kind of volatiles do silicate melts have and explain the effect of these volatiles on the melt. &lt;br /&gt;
* Explain how magmas are produced. Differentiate on volatile content and volume. Explain the difference between primary, primitive and parental magma.&lt;br /&gt;
* Regional metamorfism ... &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Januari 2020 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 21 januari ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Explain in detail the structure of a silicate melt. How are H2O and CO2 dissolved in the melt and how do they affect the overall properties of the melt? Use P/T diagrams in your explanation. &lt;br /&gt;
* Give the three factors that can cause melting in the mantle. Where do they occur on Earth? Support your answer with the correct P/T diagrams. &lt;br /&gt;
* Explain Barrovian metamorphism. Give the sequence in which the minerals appear. Support your answer with P/T diagrams and compare with the stability diagrams of the Al2SiO5 polymorphs. &lt;br /&gt;
* Rock classification (granite, anorthosite (via charnockite diagram) and latite). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Januari 2018 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Reeks 1&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* True or False, bij een fout antwoord moet een correctie gegeven worden:  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Magmatism&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
** The average thickness of the oceanic crust is 20 km, this is two thirds of the average thickness of the continental crust. &lt;br /&gt;
** Carbonatites do not have the composition of pure calcite. (bestaan dus niet volledig uit calciet) &lt;br /&gt;
** Tholeiitic basalts are enriched in FeO compared to calc-alkaline magmas. &lt;br /&gt;
** Basaltic magma generally contains more water than granitic magmas. &lt;br /&gt;
** The lithosphere is this part of Earth interior that melts during mantle decompression. &lt;br /&gt;
** The dry peridotite solidus has a positive P/T slope, which means that lowering the pressure at a constant temperature would produce melting. &lt;br /&gt;
** During nucleation the surface area/volume ratio is low. &lt;br /&gt;
** The volcanic plume of a plinian eruption collapses on the flanks of the volcano. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Metamorphism&#039;&#039; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
** Subduction zones have high T/P geotherms, this is why they show low pressure metamorphic rocks. &lt;br /&gt;
** It is possible for index minerals to be present in a zone of higher grade than its own. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Open questions, twee van de drie magmatische en een van de twee metamorphische mochten gekozen worden. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Magmatism&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Draw a sketch of the P-T relationship in the mantle. Define the concepts of the solidus and liquidus. Explain the main mechanisms of mantle melting. &lt;br /&gt;
* Define equilibrium and fractional crystallization. Draw schematic diagrams to show how the melt evolved during fractional crystallization. Show the effect of changing the mineral assemblage. &lt;br /&gt;
* What are oceanic spreading ridges? What sort of magma forms at these ridges? Hoe does this magma form? Is the magma erupting there primary? What is specific about Iceland? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Metamorphism&#039;&#039; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Define the concept of metamorphism. Explain prograde and retrograde metamorphism. Name the different types of metamorphism. &lt;br /&gt;
* Explain Barrovian metamorphic sequence. Why do we see a change in mineralogy along the outcrops? What is the difference with Buchan-type metamorphism? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Magmatic Rock nomenclature&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Using following mineral mode data obtained by point counting, name the following rocks. &lt;br /&gt;
** 40% clinopyroxene + 5% olivine + 55% plagioclase (An&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;60&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;) &lt;br /&gt;
** 20% orthopyroxene + 10% clinopyroxene + 14% K-feldspar + 55% plagioclase (An&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;40&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;) + 1% quartz &lt;br /&gt;
** 66% Nepheline + 2% K-feldspar + 2% plagioclase (An&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;50&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;) + 30% fine grained matrix&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Juni 2011 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Reeks 1&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Gesloten boek: #Ge krijgt het kaderke waar biotiet in voorkomt en er zijn 4 uithoeken met oa flogopiet =&amp;gt; geef de exchange equations (er waren ook Tschermak substitutions van boven naar onder) #een figuur van de aardkorst met een solidus lijn, horizontaal uitgezet volgens de temperatuur, verticaal volgens druk en diepte. onder de solidus komt van boven naar onder plagioclaas lehrzoliet, spinel lehrzoliet, granaat lehrzoliet. de vraag: leg deze schets van de aardkorst uit. (waarom is het zo daar) Open boek (letterlijk van het blad): #Bereken de theoretische densiteit van een pyroxeen-smelt met samenstelling Di(70%)Hed(30%) bij 1300°C, 1400°C en 1450°C #zie fig 7.30 (p7.48) van de cursusnota&#039;s (deze beslaagt een ganse pagina en zijn opeenvolgende driehoekjes van het AFM-diagram volgens stijgende temperatuur. Schrijf de stoichiometrische reactievergelijking voor de verandering die optreedt in het AFM diagram tussen 660°C en 680°C. #Tijdens de excursie in de Harz regio werd de type-ontsluiting van &#039;Harzburgiet&#039; bezocht. Op welke wijze werden deze gesteenten gevormd en wat is hun petrogenetische relatie met de nabijgelegen gabbronoriet intrusie van Bad Harzburg? &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Reeks 2&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Gesloten boek #Geef een beschrijving in maximaal 15 regels van de mantel van de aarde. Figuur van olivijn, ringwoodiet,perovskiet,... gegeven. welke verandering in de diepte is belangrijk? (compactie!) #Waarom hangt de viscositeit van silicaatsmelt af van de chemische samenstelling? Open boek #Een gesteente gegeven en er wt% uit berekenen (einde van H1) #Je krijgt gegevens van een chemisch onderzoek. Hieruit moet je ASI 1 en ASI 2 berekenen en dan ook ACF berekenen. (vergeet niet in wt% te zetten) Excursievraag: #Waarom bestaat het gesteente in LeyendeckerMaar uit Devoon gesteente materiaal? #Waarom zijn er verschillende legen met verschillende korrelgroottes te vinden? #Peridotiet is ultramafisch, wan waar afkomstig? ===Juni 2010=== &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Reeks 1&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Gesloten boek: #Gegeven: Fasendiagram van een pseudoternair systeem met 4 punten Gevraagd: #*alkemadelijnen #*de eindsamenstelling van de 4 puntende #*weg die twee van die punten afleggen (ze lagen allebei in een andere alkemadedriehoek en het systeem had een reactiepunt) #Gegeven: TAS-classificatie systeem gevraagd: duid aan waar continentale riftzones, mid-oceanische ruggen, subductie van oceanische plaat onder oceanische plaat en subductie van oceanische plaat onder continentale plaat in dit systeem moeten liggen. (staat allemaal in hfst 4) Open boek: #Geef de verhouding van bindende op niet bindende zuurstofatomen in Si&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;13&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; #Gegeven: de chemische samenstelling van een gesteente en de atoommassa&#039;s gevraagd: - Hoe zou je kunnen bepalen wat dit gesteente in het begin geweest zou zijn (ofzoiets..) - is het gesteente subalkalisch of alkalisch (berekenen met ASI) - zet het gesteente uit in een ACF diagram (formules die je moet gebruiken zijn gegeven, iets ander dan in de cursus) - Het gesteente ondergaat metamorfose en behoort tot de barrovian serie. kijkend naar een PT-diagram: welke metamorfe facies zullen achtereenvolgens gevormd worden bij deze serie. en wat is de samenstelling als er eclogiet en granuliet gevormd wordt. #Die weet ik niet goed meer want die kon ik niet maar deze was anders voor mij vermits ik niet op internationale excursie geweest ben. Degene die wel zijn geweest kregen gewoon een excursie vraag. &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Reeks 2&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Gesloten boek: #Ook fasendiagram met vanalles op aanduiden. #Waarom zullen rhyolietische lava&#039;s geen lava stromen vormen. Open boek: #Gesteente samenstelling gekregen en uitzetten in streckeisen. Vergeet niet te normaliseren! #Zo verschillende diagramma&#039;s gegeven in een PT diagram (zie hfst metamorfe), uitleggen wat er gebeurt voor 2 samenstellingen, reacties uitschrijven en uitbalanceren. #Over excursie: uitleggen waarom vooral devoon teruggevonden in Leyendecker groeve, waarom in verschillende lagen, waarom zo goed gesorteerd. Plaats de Laachersee in tijd, ruimte en geologische context. Practicum&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; #3 gesteenten met slijpplaatjes en doen zoals in practicum. &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Reeks 3&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Gesloten boek: #Je krijgt het diagram met de mineraalverschuivingen in de mantel. Waarom is die figuur belangrijk? Aan de hand van overgangen olivijn --&amp;gt; waydlesiet, ringwoodiet --&amp;gt; perovskiet uitleggen waarom seismische snelheid versnelt op 410 en 660 km dus. #Uitleggen hoe perhieten en anti-perthieten zich vormen bij alkaliveldspaten (fasediagram tekenen met solvus en exsolutie) en uitleggen wat het verschil is met twinning overgroeiing. Open boek: #Gesteentesamenstelling van plutonische gesteente gekregen en uitzetten in streckeisen. Normaliseren! #Teveel om helemaal uit te schrijven. Draaide erom dat je grid kreeg met bodemmonsters en welke metamorfe mineralen per bodemmonster er voor kwamen. Die bodemmonsters moest je dan juist aanduiden op een ALS diagram met 2 fasegrenzen afhankelijk van de mineralogie. Dan ook nog bepalen wat de maximale P en T van het metamorfisme was + afmetingen van bodemmonstergrid schatten aan de hand van ganse drukbereik. #Excursie: uitleggen hoe de harzburgiet zich vormt en wat de relatie is met Bad Harzburg. ===Juni 2009=== #Mineralensamenstelling gegeven van plutonisch gesteente. zeggen welk gesteente het is. #wt% van vulkanisch gesteente. zeggen welk gesteente en of het peralkalisch, alumineus, per-alumineus is. #Zeg hoe je een mineraal (formule is gegeven) in het ACF diagram kunt zeten. #Excursievraag over buchiet (Blaue Kuppe) pt diagram om een grafiek met mineraal fazen zetten. en proximale T en P geven #Alkemadelijnen aanduiden, pijltjes zetten op de fasengrenzen, reactiepunt en eutecticum bepalen en 3 samenstelling op de grafiek zijn aangeduid, waarbij je dan de afkoelingsgeschiedenis moet geven. ===Juni 2008=== &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Reeks 1&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; #Modale samenstelling van een gesteente (38% qz, 7% biotiet, 4% mica, 20% sanidien, 26% orthoklaas ofzo) Wat is de naam van dit gesteente? #Een kalksteen met cherthoudende fragmenten wordt geïntrudeerd door een basaltisch magma. Er wordt een wollastonietring gevormd rond de nodules. Bij nog hogere temp wordt er Tillyniet gevormd (of zo). Ca3[Si2O7].2CaCO3 Welke reacties treden op? Welke mineraalassemblages worden gevormd bij evenwichtskristallisatie, geef deze weer in een p-T diagram het faciesdiagram is hier met SiO2, CaO en CO2 !!! Dus niet CO2 als overmaat #fig 4.16 uit de cursus, geef de alkemadelijnen weer (op mondeling: wat is een alkemadelijn). 2 uitkristalliseringstrajecten uitschrijven. 4 samenstellingen, in welke evenwichtspunt komen die uit? #een doorsnede van vulkanische afzettingen: geef de eruptiegeschiedenis. &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Reeks 2&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; #tabelleke met mineraalinhoud van enkele slijpplaatjes, moest ge op een curve aanduiden waar die lagen en hoe groot het gebied ongeveer was. #Wt % uitrekkenen van 2 mineralen (jaja anal geo returns ) #Waarom vloeit een rhyolietisch magma zo moeilijk #Excursievraag: gabbro norietgroeve in harzburg. Waarvan onderscheid een gabbro noriet zich van een gewone gabbro? Hoe verklaar je het vroege voorkomen van hoornfels en flogopiet Waarom kristalliseert OPX eerder uit dan CPX, leg uit adhv figuur in cursus. ===Juni 2007=== #Voor het spoorelement Chroom de bulkcoëfficiënt D berekenen. Partitiecoëfficiënten gegeven voor olivijn, clinopyroxeen en plagioklaas. (zie het hoofdstuk over spoorelementen, een gelijkaardige oefening) #Gegeven een tabel met wt% en CIPW die al uitgerekend is. Toon op verschillende manieren aan dat dit gesteenten tholeïtisch is. #Gegeven fasendiagram. Welke mineraalassemblages zouden voorkomen indien er clinopyroxeen, pyroop en anorthiet?? voorkwamen. Had in ieder geval te maken met die driekhoeken van de verschillende facies. Ging van granuliet naar een facies hoger... #Een gesteenten met wt% dat muscovietrijk was, waarvan gevraagd werd welke mineraalassemblage het zou hebben indien het in een granulietfacies voorkwam. (denk ik)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>QuintenVH</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/index.php?title=Igneous_and_Metamorphic_Petrology&amp;diff=412</id>
		<title>Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.atlasleuven.be/index.php?title=Igneous_and_Metamorphic_Petrology&amp;diff=412"/>
		<updated>2024-01-12T16:37:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;QuintenVH: /* Januari 2024 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Professor:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; Olivier Namur&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Wat?&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; Hoorcollege, practicum&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Studiepunten:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; 6&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Examenvorm:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; mondeling met schriftelijke voorbereiding en schriftelijk&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Examenperiode:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; januari&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Brossen of niet?&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; Nee, de Olli is super schattig &amp;lt;3&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Sinds 2017-2018 wordt dit vak gegeven door Olivier Namur, een Waalse prof die in het Engels lesgeeft. Hij is nieuw sinds 2017 en vervangt Sarah Fowler. Hij heeft dus nog geen cursus, maar wel notities die hij bij elke les heeft gemaakt. Deze zijn vaak uitgebreid en er zit vaak ook extra achtergrond informatie die dat niet per se gekend moet zijn maar wel zeer handig is voor het studeren. Hij geeft intensief maar zeer goed les, je valt er zeker niet in slaap bij. Het practicum is wel pittig maar kan in het semester gedaan worden in overleg met de assistent, dus dat geeft meer tijd voor het theoretisch deel.&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;Sinds 2017-2018 wordt het door Olivier Namur gegeven. De vragen bij de voorgaande jaren zijn dus niet representatief. Zijn engels is niet perfect dus er kunnen wat spellingsfouten of grammaticale fouten inzitten.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Januari 2024 ===&lt;br /&gt;
Tien juist/fout vragen, exact dezelfde als 2018.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;Magmatisch deel&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vraag 1:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Define equilibrium and fractional crystallisation. &lt;br /&gt;
* Draw schematic diagrams to explain how melt evolves chemically during fractional crystallisation. Show the effect of changing mineral assemblage including solid solutions.&lt;br /&gt;
* explain the main processes leading to fractional crystallisation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vraag 2:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* What are the main volatiles in magma? What type of magma are they more abundant in?&lt;br /&gt;
* Define volatile solubility and the parameters controlling volatile solubility.&lt;br /&gt;
* How do volatiles enter the structure of the melt?&lt;br /&gt;
* Do volatiles play a role on the dynamics of magma eruptions and the physical properties of magma?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;Metamorf deel&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
vraag 3:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Explain the barrovian metamorphic sequence and provide the list of index minerals. &lt;br /&gt;
* Explain schametically how they relate to each other in a P/T diagram by illustrating the maximum metamorphic conditions.&lt;br /&gt;
* what is the difference with the Buchan type metamorphism?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;nomenclatuur van magmatische gesteenten&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
vraag 4: 3 mineralen benoemen op basis van gegeven percentages. De classificatiediagrammen zijn niet gegeven, dus je moet het zonder kunnen. (Hetzelfde als in 2018)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== September 2023 ===&lt;br /&gt;
Zeer gelijkaardig aan het examen van 2018. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 10 juist/fout vragen met uitleg geven. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Hawaii: uitleggen wat er gebeurd, hoe het gevormd wordt, wat de vorm van de vulkanen zijn en de samenstelling van de magma en hoe deze veranderen in de tijd. &lt;br /&gt;
* De verschillende soorten basaltische vulkanen en lava flows en hun karakteristieken. De verschillende soorten erupties en hun explosiviteit.&lt;br /&gt;
* Oefening op percentages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Januari 2023 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Beurt 1: 16/01  ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Explain the difference between CIPW norm and mineral mode. + Hoe werkt CIPW &lt;br /&gt;
* Verschil tussen equilibrium en fractional crystallization + uitleggen wat het is. Main processes van fractional crystallization.&lt;br /&gt;
* Wat is nucleation en wat is crystal growth. Wat is undercooling, wat is effect van undercooling op crystal growth. Wat is Gibbsfree energy surface en wat is gibbs free energy volume? Hoe verhouden deze zich tot elkaar?&lt;br /&gt;
* Wat is A&#039;KF en ACF, waarvoor dient dit? Hoe komen deze tot stand? &lt;br /&gt;
* Classificatie van 3 shtenen (percentage van mineralen gegeven en bij plagioclase staat tussenhaakjes (An60) bvb) (kpeis 2 plutonic en 1 volcanic, ma kwist da nie zo goe) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Januari 2022 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 17 januari  ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Explain the difference between CIPW norm and mineral mode&lt;br /&gt;
* Explain the different phases of magma. Illustrate and explain the structure of a silicate melt and the link between melt structure, polymerization and physical properties. What kind of volatiles do silicate melts have and explain the effect of these volatiles on the melt. &lt;br /&gt;
* Explain how magmas are produced. Differentiate on volatile content and volume. Explain the difference between primary, primitive and parental magma.&lt;br /&gt;
* Regional metamorfism ... &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Januari 2020 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 21 januari ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Explain in detail the structure of a silicate melt. How are H2O and CO2 dissolved in the melt and how do they affect the overall properties of the melt? Use P/T diagrams in your explanation. &lt;br /&gt;
* Give the three factors that can cause melting in the mantle. Where do they occur on Earth? Support your answer with the correct P/T diagrams. &lt;br /&gt;
* Explain Barrovian metamorphism. Give the sequence in which the minerals appear. Support your answer with P/T diagrams and compare with the stability diagrams of the Al2SiO5 polymorphs. &lt;br /&gt;
* Rock classification (granite, anorthosite (via charnockite diagram) and latite). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Januari 2018 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Reeks 1&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* True or False, bij een fout antwoord moet een correctie gegeven worden:  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Magmatism&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
** The average thickness of the oceanic crust is 20 km, this is two thirds of the average thickness of the continental crust. &lt;br /&gt;
** Carbonatites do not have the composition of pure calcite. (bestaan dus niet volledig uit calciet) &lt;br /&gt;
** Tholeiitic basalts are enriched in FeO compared to calc-alkaline magmas. &lt;br /&gt;
** Basaltic magma generally contains more water than granitic magmas. &lt;br /&gt;
** The lithosphere is this part of Earth interior that melts during mantle decompression. &lt;br /&gt;
** The dry peridotite solidus has a positive P/T slope, which means that lowering the pressure at a constant temperature would produce melting. &lt;br /&gt;
** During nucleation the surface area/volume ratio is low. &lt;br /&gt;
** The volcanic plume of a plinian eruption collapses on the flanks of the volcano. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Metamorphism&#039;&#039; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
** Subduction zones have high T/P geotherms, this is why they show low pressure metamorphic rocks. &lt;br /&gt;
** It is possible for index minerals to be present in a zone of higher grade than its own. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Open questions, twee van de drie magmatische en een van de twee metamorphische mochten gekozen worden. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Magmatism&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Draw a sketch of the P-T relationship in the mantle. Define the concepts of the solidus and liquidus. Explain the main mechanisms of mantle melting. &lt;br /&gt;
* Define equilibrium and fractional crystallization. Draw schematic diagrams to show how the melt evolved during fractional crystallization. Show the effect of changing the mineral assemblage. &lt;br /&gt;
* What are oceanic spreading ridges? What sort of magma forms at these ridges? Hoe does this magma form? Is the magma erupting there primary? What is specific about Iceland? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Metamorphism&#039;&#039; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Define the concept of metamorphism. Explain prograde and retrograde metamorphism. Name the different types of metamorphism. &lt;br /&gt;
* Explain Barrovian metamorphic sequence. Why do we see a change in mineralogy along the outcrops? What is the difference with Buchan-type metamorphism? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Magmatic Rock nomenclature&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Using following mineral mode data obtained by point counting, name the following rocks. &lt;br /&gt;
** 40% clinopyroxene + 5% olivine + 55% plagioclase (An&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;60&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;) &lt;br /&gt;
** 20% orthopyroxene + 10% clinopyroxene + 14% K-feldspar + 55% plagioclase (An&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;40&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;) + 1% quartz &lt;br /&gt;
** 66% Nepheline + 2% K-feldspar + 2% plagioclase (An&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;50&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;) + 30% fine grained matrix&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Juni 2011 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Reeks 1&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Gesloten boek: #Ge krijgt het kaderke waar biotiet in voorkomt en er zijn 4 uithoeken met oa flogopiet =&amp;gt; geef de exchange equations (er waren ook Tschermak substitutions van boven naar onder) #een figuur van de aardkorst met een solidus lijn, horizontaal uitgezet volgens de temperatuur, verticaal volgens druk en diepte. onder de solidus komt van boven naar onder plagioclaas lehrzoliet, spinel lehrzoliet, granaat lehrzoliet. de vraag: leg deze schets van de aardkorst uit. (waarom is het zo daar) Open boek (letterlijk van het blad): #Bereken de theoretische densiteit van een pyroxeen-smelt met samenstelling Di(70%)Hed(30%) bij 1300°C, 1400°C en 1450°C #zie fig 7.30 (p7.48) van de cursusnota&#039;s (deze beslaagt een ganse pagina en zijn opeenvolgende driehoekjes van het AFM-diagram volgens stijgende temperatuur. Schrijf de stoichiometrische reactievergelijking voor de verandering die optreedt in het AFM diagram tussen 660°C en 680°C. #Tijdens de excursie in de Harz regio werd de type-ontsluiting van &#039;Harzburgiet&#039; bezocht. Op welke wijze werden deze gesteenten gevormd en wat is hun petrogenetische relatie met de nabijgelegen gabbronoriet intrusie van Bad Harzburg? &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Reeks 2&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Gesloten boek #Geef een beschrijving in maximaal 15 regels van de mantel van de aarde. Figuur van olivijn, ringwoodiet,perovskiet,... gegeven. welke verandering in de diepte is belangrijk? (compactie!) #Waarom hangt de viscositeit van silicaatsmelt af van de chemische samenstelling? Open boek #Een gesteente gegeven en er wt% uit berekenen (einde van H1) #Je krijgt gegevens van een chemisch onderzoek. Hieruit moet je ASI 1 en ASI 2 berekenen en dan ook ACF berekenen. (vergeet niet in wt% te zetten) Excursievraag: #Waarom bestaat het gesteente in LeyendeckerMaar uit Devoon gesteente materiaal? #Waarom zijn er verschillende legen met verschillende korrelgroottes te vinden? #Peridotiet is ultramafisch, wan waar afkomstig? ===Juni 2010=== &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Reeks 1&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Gesloten boek: #Gegeven: Fasendiagram van een pseudoternair systeem met 4 punten Gevraagd: #*alkemadelijnen #*de eindsamenstelling van de 4 puntende #*weg die twee van die punten afleggen (ze lagen allebei in een andere alkemadedriehoek en het systeem had een reactiepunt) #Gegeven: TAS-classificatie systeem gevraagd: duid aan waar continentale riftzones, mid-oceanische ruggen, subductie van oceanische plaat onder oceanische plaat en subductie van oceanische plaat onder continentale plaat in dit systeem moeten liggen. (staat allemaal in hfst 4) Open boek: #Geef de verhouding van bindende op niet bindende zuurstofatomen in Si&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;13&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; #Gegeven: de chemische samenstelling van een gesteente en de atoommassa&#039;s gevraagd: - Hoe zou je kunnen bepalen wat dit gesteente in het begin geweest zou zijn (ofzoiets..) - is het gesteente subalkalisch of alkalisch (berekenen met ASI) - zet het gesteente uit in een ACF diagram (formules die je moet gebruiken zijn gegeven, iets ander dan in de cursus) - Het gesteente ondergaat metamorfose en behoort tot de barrovian serie. kijkend naar een PT-diagram: welke metamorfe facies zullen achtereenvolgens gevormd worden bij deze serie. en wat is de samenstelling als er eclogiet en granuliet gevormd wordt. #Die weet ik niet goed meer want die kon ik niet maar deze was anders voor mij vermits ik niet op internationale excursie geweest ben. Degene die wel zijn geweest kregen gewoon een excursie vraag. &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Reeks 2&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Gesloten boek: #Ook fasendiagram met vanalles op aanduiden. #Waarom zullen rhyolietische lava&#039;s geen lava stromen vormen. Open boek: #Gesteente samenstelling gekregen en uitzetten in streckeisen. Vergeet niet te normaliseren! #Zo verschillende diagramma&#039;s gegeven in een PT diagram (zie hfst metamorfe), uitleggen wat er gebeurt voor 2 samenstellingen, reacties uitschrijven en uitbalanceren. #Over excursie: uitleggen waarom vooral devoon teruggevonden in Leyendecker groeve, waarom in verschillende lagen, waarom zo goed gesorteerd. Plaats de Laachersee in tijd, ruimte en geologische context. Practicum&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; #3 gesteenten met slijpplaatjes en doen zoals in practicum. &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Reeks 3&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Gesloten boek: #Je krijgt het diagram met de mineraalverschuivingen in de mantel. Waarom is die figuur belangrijk? Aan de hand van overgangen olivijn --&amp;gt; waydlesiet, ringwoodiet --&amp;gt; perovskiet uitleggen waarom seismische snelheid versnelt op 410 en 660 km dus. #Uitleggen hoe perhieten en anti-perthieten zich vormen bij alkaliveldspaten (fasediagram tekenen met solvus en exsolutie) en uitleggen wat het verschil is met twinning overgroeiing. Open boek: #Gesteentesamenstelling van plutonische gesteente gekregen en uitzetten in streckeisen. Normaliseren! #Teveel om helemaal uit te schrijven. Draaide erom dat je grid kreeg met bodemmonsters en welke metamorfe mineralen per bodemmonster er voor kwamen. Die bodemmonsters moest je dan juist aanduiden op een ALS diagram met 2 fasegrenzen afhankelijk van de mineralogie. Dan ook nog bepalen wat de maximale P en T van het metamorfisme was + afmetingen van bodemmonstergrid schatten aan de hand van ganse drukbereik. #Excursie: uitleggen hoe de harzburgiet zich vormt en wat de relatie is met Bad Harzburg. ===Juni 2009=== #Mineralensamenstelling gegeven van plutonisch gesteente. zeggen welk gesteente het is. #wt% van vulkanisch gesteente. zeggen welk gesteente en of het peralkalisch, alumineus, per-alumineus is. #Zeg hoe je een mineraal (formule is gegeven) in het ACF diagram kunt zeten. #Excursievraag over buchiet (Blaue Kuppe) pt diagram om een grafiek met mineraal fazen zetten. en proximale T en P geven #Alkemadelijnen aanduiden, pijltjes zetten op de fasengrenzen, reactiepunt en eutecticum bepalen en 3 samenstelling op de grafiek zijn aangeduid, waarbij je dan de afkoelingsgeschiedenis moet geven. ===Juni 2008=== &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Reeks 1&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; #Modale samenstelling van een gesteente (38% qz, 7% biotiet, 4% mica, 20% sanidien, 26% orthoklaas ofzo) Wat is de naam van dit gesteente? #Een kalksteen met cherthoudende fragmenten wordt geïntrudeerd door een basaltisch magma. Er wordt een wollastonietring gevormd rond de nodules. Bij nog hogere temp wordt er Tillyniet gevormd (of zo). Ca3[Si2O7].2CaCO3 Welke reacties treden op? Welke mineraalassemblages worden gevormd bij evenwichtskristallisatie, geef deze weer in een p-T diagram het faciesdiagram is hier met SiO2, CaO en CO2 !!! Dus niet CO2 als overmaat #fig 4.16 uit de cursus, geef de alkemadelijnen weer (op mondeling: wat is een alkemadelijn). 2 uitkristalliseringstrajecten uitschrijven. 4 samenstellingen, in welke evenwichtspunt komen die uit? #een doorsnede van vulkanische afzettingen: geef de eruptiegeschiedenis. &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Reeks 2&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; #tabelleke met mineraalinhoud van enkele slijpplaatjes, moest ge op een curve aanduiden waar die lagen en hoe groot het gebied ongeveer was. #Wt % uitrekkenen van 2 mineralen (jaja anal geo returns ) #Waarom vloeit een rhyolietisch magma zo moeilijk #Excursievraag: gabbro norietgroeve in harzburg. Waarvan onderscheid een gabbro noriet zich van een gewone gabbro? Hoe verklaar je het vroege voorkomen van hoornfels en flogopiet Waarom kristalliseert OPX eerder uit dan CPX, leg uit adhv figuur in cursus. ===Juni 2007=== #Voor het spoorelement Chroom de bulkcoëfficiënt D berekenen. Partitiecoëfficiënten gegeven voor olivijn, clinopyroxeen en plagioklaas. (zie het hoofdstuk over spoorelementen, een gelijkaardige oefening) #Gegeven een tabel met wt% en CIPW die al uitgerekend is. Toon op verschillende manieren aan dat dit gesteenten tholeïtisch is. #Gegeven fasendiagram. Welke mineraalassemblages zouden voorkomen indien er clinopyroxeen, pyroop en anorthiet?? voorkwamen. Had in ieder geval te maken met die driekhoeken van de verschillende facies. Ging van granuliet naar een facies hoger... #Een gesteenten met wt% dat muscovietrijk was, waarvan gevraagd werd welke mineraalassemblage het zou hebben indien het in een granulietfacies voorkwam. (denk ik)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>QuintenVH</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>